Whether, in prosecutions involving adult victims under 18 U.S.C. § 1591, the Government must prove to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt that the "offense was effected by means of force, fraud or coercion" before the sentencing Judge may impose the statutory mandatory minimum sentence under § 1591 (b)(1 ), or whether a sentencing judge may instead find that fact by ai preponderance of the evidence, consistent with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.

Whether, in prosecutions involving adult victims under 18 U.S.C. § 1591, the Government must prove to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt that the offense was effected by means of force, fraud or coercion before a sentencing judge may impose the statutory mandatory minimum sentence, or whether a sentencing judge may instead find that fact by a preponderance of the evidence, consistent with the Fifth and Sixth Amendments