The application is denied. [See Detached Opinion for full order language.] (Detached Opinion). Justice Kavanaugh, concurring in the judgment. (Detached Opinion). Justice Alito, with whom Justice Thomas joins, dissenting. (Detached Opinion). Justice Gorsuch, dissenting. (Detached Opinion).

Supplemental Letter Reply of Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. submitted.

Supplemental Letter Reply Brief of respondents Illinois, et al. filed.

Supplemental Letter Reply Brief of applicant Donald Jr. Trump, President of the United States, et al. filed.

Supplemental Letter Reply Brief of State of Illinois and City of Chicago submitted.

Motion for Leave to File Second Amicus Brief of American Rights Alliance submitted.

Amicus brief of American Center for Law and Justice submitted.

Amicus brief of Interfaith Alliance Foundation submitted.

Amicus brief of States of California and Oregon submitted.

Amicus brief of American Civil Liberties Union, American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois, Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, and Rutherford Institute submitted.

Amicus brief of The Society for the Rule of Law Institute submitted.

Supplemental Letter Brief of Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of National Security Leaders for America submitted.

Amicus brief of State of Montana submitted.

Supplemental Letter Brief of State of Illinois and City of Chicago submitted.

Amicus brief of Professor Martin S. Lederman submitted.

Brief amicus curiae of Interfaith Alliance Foundation filed.

Brief amici curiae of Members of Congress filed.

Brief amici curiae of American Civil Liberties Union, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of American Center for Law and Justice filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Society for the Rule of Law Institute filed.

Brief amicus curiae of National Security Leaders for America filed.

Brief amici curiae of 24 Former Federal Judges filed.

Supplemental Letter Brief from applicant, Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. filed.

Supplemental Letter Brief from respondents Illinois, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Professor Martin S. Lederman filed.

Brief amici curiae of California and Oregon filed.

Brief amici curiae of Montana, et al. filed.

Amicus brief of Corey John Biazzo submitted.

Brief amicus curiae of Corey J. Biazzo filed.

Amicus brief of American Rights Alliance submitted.

Letter of Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. submitted.

Application (25A443) referred to the Court.

Letter of applicant Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. filed.

The application for stay presented to Justice Barrett is referred by her to the Court. The parties are directed to file supplemental letter briefs addressing the following question: Whether the term “regular forces” refers to the regular forces of the United States military, and, if so, how that interpretation affects the operation of 10 U. S. C. §12406(3). The briefs, not to exceed 15 pages, are to be filed by Monday, November 10, 2025. Letter reply briefs, not to exceed 10 pages, are to be filed by Monday, November 17, 2025. Any brief for an <i>amicus curiae</i> under Rule 37.4, on that or other aspects of the application, must be filed by Monday, November 10, 2025.

Brief amici curiae of Local Governments and Local Government Leaders filed.

Brief amicus curiae of American Rights Alliance filed. (Corrected)

Reply of Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. in support of application submitted.

Amicus brief of National Immigrant Justice Center submitted.

Reply of applicant Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. filed.

Amicus brief of American Rights Alliance submitted.

Amicus brief of Professor Martin S. Lederman submitted.

Brief amici curiae of Chicago Headline Club, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Professor Martin S. Lederman filed.

Brief amici curiae of Former U.S. Army and Navy Secretaries, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of California, et al. filed.

Response to application from respondent Illinois and City of Chicago filed.

Amicus brief of The Chamberlain Network and Military Veterans submitted.

Amicus brief of Constitutional Accountability Center submitted.

Brief amicus curiae of America First Legal Foundation filed.

Amicus brief of Former U.S. Army and Navy Secretaries and Retired Four-Star Admirals and Generals submitted.

Amicus brief of The Steady State submitted.

Amicus brief of State of Maryland submitted.

Amicus brief of State of California and Governor Gavin Newsom submitted.

Motion for Leave to File Brief of American Rights Alliance as Amicus Curiae in Support of Application to Stay of American Rights Alliance submitted.

Certificate of Service of The Steady State submitted.

Brief amici curiae of The Chamberlain Network, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Bipartisan Former Governors filed.

Brief amicus curiae of The Steady State filed.

Brief amici curiae of Maryland, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Constitutional Accountability Center filed.

Amicus brief of America First Legal Foundation submitted.

Application (25A443) for a stay, submitted to Justice Barrett.

Response to application (25A443) requested by Justice Barrett, due by 5 p.m. (EDT) on October 20, 2025.