| 23-703 |
Liberty University, Inc. v. Laura Barbour Bowes, as Executor of the Estate of Eva Palmer |
Fourth Circuit |
2023-12-29 |
Denied |
constitutional-law defense-to-liability employment-discrimination first-amendment immunity ministerial-exception religious-autonomy religious-institutions religious-organizations |
Whether the First Amendment ministerial exception provides religious organizations with immunity from employment discrimination suits, or merely a def… |
| 23-550 |
Laura Barbour Bowes, as Executor of the Estate of Eva Palmer v. Liberty University, Inc. |
Fourth Circuit |
2023-11-21 |
Denied |
age-discrimination direct-evidence employment-law fourth-circuit-standard mcdonnell-douglas ministerial-exception prima-facie-case summary-judgment |
Whether a statement by a university dean and a designation by a professor's department chair constitute direct evidence of age discrimination |
| 23A356 |
Laura Barbour Bowes, as Executor of the Estate of Eva Palmer v. Liberty University, Inc. |
Fourth Circuit |
2023-10-19 |
Presumed Complete |
burden-shifting circuit-split employment-discrimination McDonnell-Douglas ministerial-exception prima-facie-case |
Whether the Fourth Circuit improperly conflates the prima facie stage of the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework with the employer's legitimat… |