victim-definition

8 cases — ← All topics

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25-796 Princewill Arinze Duru v. United States Ninth Circuit 2026-01-07 Pending Response Waived bank-fraud criminal-statute identity-theft means-of-identification sentencing-guidelines victim-definition Title 18, United State Code, Section 1028A imposes a mandatory two-year consecutive sentence on anyone who "knowingly transfers, possesses, or uses, w…
25A636 Princewell Arinze Duru v. United States Ninth Circuit 2025-12-02 Application criminal-enhancement fraud-conspiracy identity-theft lawful-authority statutory-interpretation victim-definition Whether 18 U.S.C. § 1028A permits conviction for consensual use of one's own identifying information when the statute requires use 'without lawful aut…
23-7132 Thomas G. O'Lear v. United States Sixth Circuit 2024-04-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP healthcare-fraud insurance-company medicaid medicare offense-level-enhancement sentencing-guidelines victim-definition vulnerable-victim Whether patients whose information was used in a healthcare fraud case, but who were not otherwise harmed, count as 'victims' for purposes of the vuln…
23-6749 Craig Alan Morrison v. United States Tenth Circuit 2024-02-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP circuit-split criminal-sentencing judicial-interpretation physical-restraint plain-text recurring-issue sentencing-commission sentencing-guidelines victim-definition Whether a defendant should receive an increased sentence under U.S.S.G. § 3A1.3 for having 'physically restrained' a victim, where the conduct at issu…
20-33 Grace International Assembly of God v. Gennaro Festa, et al. Second Circuit 2020-07-16 Denied civil-procedure civil-rights due-process pattern-continuity predicate-acts racketeering-activity RICO rico-statute standing victim-definition wire-fraud Whether only the entity sustaining the greatest direct injury may be considered a victim for the purposes of determining if there is closed-or-open-en…
19-1407 Mercy O. Ainabe v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-06-24 Denied Response Waived corporate-entities health-care-claims health-care-fraud loss-calculation medicare medicare-fraud relevant-conduct sentencing-guidelines victim-definition Whether Medicare beneficiaries are 'victims' for purposes of sentencing enhancements
18-9803 Salvador Galvan v. United States Ninth Circuit 2019-06-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP 18-usc-3553a appeal criminal-procedure criminal-sentencing district-court-discretion due-process guidelines procedural-error sentencing sentencing-guidelines ussg-2b1.1 victim victim-definition victim-impact Whether the district court committed procedural error by considering every resident of the City of Compton as a victim for purposes of its 18 U.S.C. §…
18-29 Shailendra Bhawnani, et al. v. United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, et al. Second Circuit 2018-07-05 Denied criminal-procedure criminal-restitution fraud judicial-discretion legal-scope mandatory-victims-restitution-act restitution statutory-interpretation victim-compensation victim-definition Whether the definition of 'victim' under the Mandatory Victims Restitution Act, 18 U.S.C. 3663A(a)(2), includes all victims directly and proximately h…