| 22-713 |
Shannon Gladden v. The Procter & Gamble Distributing, LLC |
Eleventh Circuit |
2023-01-31 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
bostock bostock-interpretation but-for but-for-causation circuit-split civil-rights employment-discrimination evidence-evaluation motivating-factor pretext pretext-analysis |
Does the but-for reasoning referenced in Bostock apply to McDonnell Douglas pretext analysis? |
| 20-6108 |
Antoine Washington v. United States |
Fourth Circuit |
2020-10-22 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
21-usc-841 burrage-precedent burrage-v-united-states but-for but-for-causation causation causation-standard criminal-law drug-sentencing forensic-pathology statutory-interpretation |
Whether the 'special rule' exception to but-for causation is inapplicable to a 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(C) enhancement |
| 19-500 |
Ameer Siddiqui v. NetJets Aviation, Inc. |
Eleventh Circuit |
2019-10-18 |
Denied |
Response RequestedRelisted (2) |
but-for but-for-test causation-standard civil-rights comparator-analysis comparators employment-discrimination pretext pretext-evaluation reasonable-inference retaliation retaliation-claims section-1981 summary-judgment title-vii |
Are plaintiffs who bring retaliation claims under Title VII or Section 1981 subjected to the 'but for' test, or is a reasonable inference sufficient? |
| 18-1185 |
Charter Communications, Inc. v. National Association of African American-Owned Media, et al. |
Ninth Circuit |
2019-03-13 |
GVR |
Relisted (5) |
1981 but-for but-for-causation causation civil-rights civil-rights-act editorial-decisions editorial-discretion first-amendment hurley hurley-v-irish-american motivating-factor section-1981 |
Whether the implied cause of action under section 1981 imposes a but-for standard of causation or a motivating factor standard |