drug-offenses

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Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25A55 Dawn Eagle Feather Floyd v. United States Eighth Circuit 2025-07-14 Presumed Complete drug-offenses fourth-amendment probable-cause search-warrant standing suppression-motion Question not identified.
24-6730 Richard David Degout v. United States Fourth Circuit 2025-03-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-law criminal-procedure drug-offenses due-process first-step-act sentencing-reduction This Court should GVR tnis case to the lower court to aadress whether the procedural protections enshrined m the Due Process of Law allows a criminal …
23-7126 Alberto Perez v. United States Ninth Circuit 2024-04-02 Denied Response WaivedIFP arbitrary-sentences criminal-procedure criminal-sentencing drug-offenses due-process judicial-discretion methamphetamine methamphetamine-distribution sentencing-guidelines sentencing-standards Does the district court's blind reliance upon United States Sentencing Guideline § 2D1.1(c)(1)'s draconian base offense level of 38 for distribution o…
23-6555 Luis Aceves-Ramirez v. United States Fifth Circuit 2024-01-24 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law drug-offense drug-offenses enhancement importation knowledge-requirement mens-rea methamphetamine sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation Whether the two-level enhancement in U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(5) for a drug offense that involves imported methamphetamine requires that the defendant knew…
23-6062 Holli Womack v. United States Sixth Circuit 2023-11-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law criminal-procedure drug-offenses jury-instructions plain-error ruan-standard sixth-circuit standard-of-review supreme-court-precedent On October 17, 2022, this Court vacated Petitioner Womack's conviction in light of Ruan v. United States, 142 S. Ct. 2370, 213 L. Ed. 2d 706 (2022) an…
23-6042 Joel Flores v. United States Tenth Circuit 2023-11-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law drug-offense drug-offenses due-process fair-warning firearm-possession firearms statutory-ambiguity statutory-interpretation vagueness Whether 18 U.S.C.§924(c) provides fair warning of what constitutes possession of a firearm "in furtherance of" a drug offense as opposed to possession…
23-6029 Brianna Irene Bustam v. United States Fifth Circuit 2023-11-16 Denied Relisted (2)IFP criminal-history drug-offenses first-step-act rule-of-lenity safety-valve sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation The question presented is whether the "and" in § 3553(f)(1) means "and," so that a defendant satisfies the provision so long as she does not have (A) …
23-5591 Patrick Andrew Groves v. United States Fourth Circuit 2023-09-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP aiding-and-abetting attempted-distribution attempted-transfer controlled-substances controlled-substances-act criminal-law drug-offenses sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation surplusage For certain recidivist guideline enhancements, "[t]he term 'controlled substance offense' means an offense under federal or state law, punishable by i…
22-736 Willie Lumarris Baxter v. United States Fourth Circuit 2023-02-07 Denied Response Waived 18-usc-924(e) armed-career-criminal congressional-intent drug-offenses fourth-circuit predicate-offenses sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation Was the Fourth Circuit's rejection of the Petitioner, Willie Baxter's argument that the prior offenses for serious drug offenses included in a prior i…
22-6076 Joseph Rauber v. United States Eighth Circuit 2022-11-16 Denied Relisted (3)IFP circuit-split criminal-procedure criminal-sentencing drug-offenses mandatory-minimum safety-valve sentencing-statute statutory-interpretation The federal sentencing statute contains a "safety valve" that protects defendants from mandatory minimum sentences if they meet certain criteria. 18 U…
22-5421 Henry Wilke Eilders v. United States Eighth Circuit 2022-08-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP conspiracy criminal-history drug-conspiracy drug-offenses federal-sentencing-guidelines methamphetamine methamphetamine-distribution relevant-conduct sentencing sentencing-enhancement sentencing-guidelines 1. Whether Petitioner's prior methamphetamine related convictions occurring within two years of the conspiracy for distributing methamphetamine should…
22-5288 Kendale Welborn v. United States Sixth Circuit 2022-08-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP alleyne-decision alleyne-v-united-states apprendi-rule apprendi-v-new-jersey criminal-sentencing drug-offenses methamphetamine-actual methamphetamine-mixture plea-bargaining sentencing-guidelines sixth-amendment The Appellant's Appeal was denied on April 29, 2022 by the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. In this case, the Appellant raises one (1) issue for determ…
21-7638 Carlos Jimenez v. United States First Circuit 2022-04-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-defendant criminal-law drug-offenses drug-quantity mandatory-minimums mens-rea scienter sentencing statutory-interpretation supreme-court Whether the government can subject a criminal defendant to the escalating mandatory minimums and maximums under 18 U.S.C. § 841(b), without proving th…
21-7269 Joseph Peter Clarke v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2022-03-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP abuse-of-discretion covid-19 criminal-history downward-variance drug-offenses juvenile-offenses sentencing-factors sentencing-guidelines stash-house-robbery Issue 1: Whether the appellate court erred affirming the district court's abuse of discretion in overruling petitioner's objections to the PSI Report …
21-917 Abel Diaz v. Warden, Federal Correctional Institution, Bennettsville Fourth Circuit 2021-12-21 Denied Response Waived drug-offense drug-offenses habeas-corpus jurisdiction jury-trial savings-clause sentencing statutory-interpretation statutory-maximum WHETHER THE DISTRICT COURT HAD JURISDICTION UNDER THE SAVINGS CLAUSE OF 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e) TO ADJUDICATE THE MERITS OF PETITIONER DIAZ'S § 2241 PETIT…
21-6068 Ronald Tingle v. United States Seventh Circuit 2021-10-25 Denied IFP 18-usc-3582 district-court drug-offenses extraordinary-and-compelling-reasons extraordinary-compelling-reasons first-step-act sentence-reduction sentencing sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation Whether a district judge is categorically prohibited from considering the First Step Act's amendment to penalties for drug offenses when determining w…
21-6049 Aaron Christopher Pena v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-10-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law drug-offenses importation knowledge-standard mens-rea methamphetamine offense-level-enhancement sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation strict-liability Whether an offense level enhancement under the Sentencing Guidelines that applies when "the offense involved the importation of amphetamine or methamp…
21-5715 Ronald George Whitehouse v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-09-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP appellate-review burden-of-proof co-defendant criminal-procedure drug-offenses drug-quantity due-process fifth-circuit probation-officer reversible-error sentencing 1. THE PETITIONER OBJECTED TO THE PROBATION OFFICER'S CONCLUSION THAT THIS DEFENDANT WAS RESPONSIBLE TO 10 KILOS OF METHAMPHETAMINE AS A RESULT OF GIV…
21-5100 Matthew James Haymond, Sr. v. United States Eighth Circuit 2021-07-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP crack-cocaine criminal-sentencing drug-offenses fair-sentencing-act first-step-act mandatory-life-sentence mandatory-minimum plea-bargaining retroactive-application sentencing-reduction statutory-interpretation Whether Mr. Haymond was improperly denied First Step Act § 404 relief from his mandatory life sentence under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A), where the distr…
20-7363 Lerone Bernard Butler v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-03-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP conspiracy controlled-substances criminal-procedure drug-offenses due-process law-enforcement-misconduct possession-with-intent sentencing sufficiency-of-evidence WHETHER THE VERDICT OF GUILT WAS SUPPORTED BY SUFFCIENT EVIDENCE TO SUSTAIN A CONVICTION, AND THE EVIDENCE, VIEWED IN A LIGHT MOST FAVORABLE TO THE GO…
20-7164 Marcelino Hernandez-Martinez v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-02-16 Denied Response WaivedIFP appeals criminal-procedure drug-offenses due-process sentencing supervisory-powers Whether the decision of the United State s Cour t of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit")–whi ch affirmed the significant increase of the b…
20-7033 Otto Edward Christofferson v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-02-03 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-sentencing drug-offenses evidence judicial-review mandatory-minimums sentencing-guidelines Whether the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit")–which affirmed the significant increase of the base…
20-6949 Neally Cunningham v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-01-26 Denied Relisted (2)IFP cocaine-base criminal-law criminal-resentencing drug-offenses federal-drug-offense first-step-act retroactivity sentencing sentencing-modification statutory-interpretation Whether Appellant's offense of conviction, a violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(C) occurring before August 3, 2010, and involving cocaine base, is a "…
20-6529 Wesley Wayne Wakeford v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-12-03 Denied Response WaivedIFP 2d1.1(b)(5) circuit-split criminal-law criminal-procedure drug-offense drug-offenses methamphetamine-importation sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation This Court should grant this petition to interpret Sentencing Guide-lines section 2D1.1(b)(5). What an "offense that involved the importa-tion" of met…
20-5975 Nathaniel Ruth v. United States Seventh Circuit 2020-10-09 Denied IFP career-offender circuit-split controlled-substance drug-offenses federal-sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation 1. Does the phrase "controlled substance" in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(b) include substances that are excluded from the CSA? 2. When defining an operative, bu…
20-5854 Trumaine Muller v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-09-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law criminal-procedure drug-offense drug-offenses intervening-act jury-instruction jury-instructions mens-rea plain-error proximate-cause I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PLAIN ERROR IN FAILING TO INSTRUCT THE JURY THAT THE GOVERNMENT HAD TO PROVE MENS REA AS TO EACH DRUG OFFENSE AND THE RES…
20-5409 Johnathan Scott Keen v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-08-19 Denied Response WaivedIFP career-offender constitutional-law criminal-law drug-offenses due-process felony-enhancement mens-rea sentencing sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation Whether, as preserved, the District Court erred as a matter of (Constitutional) Law in finding Mr. Keen's prior Florida drug convictions qualified as …
19-7878 Joseph Ramon Santillan v. United States Eighth Circuit 2020-03-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP conviction-classification criminal-law criminal-sentencing drug-offense drug-offenses due-process equal-protection federal-sentencing felony-conviction mandatory-minimum misdemeanor-conviction sentencing sentencing-enhancement state-federal-interaction state-federal-law statutory-interpretation Did defendant's State of California marijuana conviction constitute a "prior conviction for a felony drug offense," increasing defendant's mandatory m…
19-7562 Dalton Laquane Smith v. United States Fourth Circuit 2020-02-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP actual-innocence armed-career-criminal-act career-offender categorical-approach drug-offenses fourth-circuit fourth-circuit-categorical-approach mathis-v-united-states rehaif-v-united-states serious-drug-offense serious-drug-offenses shular-v-united-states statutory-interpretation 1. b18-6662 (January 2019) 2. United States, 136 S.Ct. 2243 (2016). 3. Did this Court's intervening decision in Rehaif v. United States, 139 S.Ct. 2…
19-6885 Antonio Escobar v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-12-09 Denied Response WaivedIFP alleyne-v-united-states criminal-law criminal-procedure drug-offenses drug-statute due-process flores-figueroa-v-united-states fourth-amendment mens-rea statutory-interpretation traffic-stop 1. Whether, in light of Flores-Figueroa v. United States, 556 U.S. 646 (2009), Rehaif v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 2191 (2019), and Alleyne v. United …
19-6865 Delante L. Lunn v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-12-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP but-for-causation but-for-test causation criminal-law criminal-sentencing drug-distribution drug-offenses drug-overdose mandatory-minimum overdose-causation sentencing statutory-interpretation Whether this Honorable Court should re-evaluate the but-for test established by Burrage v. United States, 571 U.S. 204 (2014) for mixed drug overdoses…
19-6363 David Pearson v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-10-24 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP appeal-rights armed-career-criminal armed-career-criminal-act categorical-analysis drug-offense drug-offenses ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel mandatory-minimum plea-agreement sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-maximum 1. Did the court of appeals, in rejecting petitioner's claim that his sentencing counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to challenge his a…
19-6288 Ron Christopher Whitley v. United States Fourth Circuit 2019-10-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP 18-usc-3553(a) 18-usc-3553a appellate-review criminal-procedure criminal-sentencing drug-case drug-offense drug-offenses judicial-discretion proportionality-review sentencing-departure sentencing-factors sentencing-guidelines Whether the 156-month sentence is greater than necessary to comply with the purposes of sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) where the district court …
19-6282 Aldo Salazar-Martinez v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-10-17 Denied IFP alleyne-v-united-states criminal-law drug-offenses drug-statute due-process federal-criminal-code flores-figueroa-v-united-states mens-rea rehaif-v-united-states statutory-interpretation strict-liability Whether, in light of Flores-Figueroa v. United States, 556 U.S. 646 (2009), Rehaif v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 2191 (2019), and Alleyne v. United Sta…
19-5929 Abisai Ramirez-Anguiano v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-09-16 Denied IFP circuit-split criminal-law criminal-procedure drug-offense drug-offenses mens-rea methamphetamine scienter sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation Section 2D1.1(b)(5) of the United States Sentencing Guidelines provides that "[i]f (A) the offense involved the importation of ... methamphetamine or …
19-5574 Anthony Ray Welch v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-08-13 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP circuit-split criminal-law drug-importation drug-offenses fifth-circuit listed-chemicals mens-rea methamphetamine methamphetamine-offense scienter scienter-requirement sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation Section 2D1.1(b)(5) of the United States Sentencing Guidelines provides that "[i]f (A) the offense involved the importation of ... methamphetamine or …
19-5480 Andrew Dorsey v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-08-06 Denied Relisted (2)IFP acca cocaine criminal-law drug-offense drug-offenses florida florida-statute possession sentencing statutory-interpretation I. Whether a Florida conviction for selling cocaine, delivering cocaine, or possessing cocaine with the intent to sell or deliver it, in violation of …
19-5102 Dan Pizaro v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-07-08 Denied IFP criminal-law criminal-sentencing drug-offense drug-offenses due-process federal-sentencing first-step-act mandatory-minimum mandatory-minimums sentencing-reduction statutory-interpretation supreme-court supreme-court-precedent Whether the life sentence imposed on 21 U.S.C. § 846 and § 841(a)(1) pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) and § 851 must be reduced to twenty-five (25…
18-9789 Dan Pizarro v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-06-25 Denied IFP criminal-procedure criminal-sentencing direct-appeal drug-offenses drug-trafficking first-step-act prior-convictions prior-felony-conviction sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-minimum Because Pizarro is still in the direct appeal process, is he entitled to the application of the First Step Act amendments to the statutory minimum sen…
18-9772 William Jerome Howard, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-06-24 Denied Relisted (2)IFP 21-usc-841 cocaine-possession controlled-substance-offense criminal-law drug-offenses federal-sentencing federal-sentencing-guidelines felony-drug-offense florida florida-drug-law mens-rea sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation ussg-4b1.2 Drug offenses in Florida are unlike most states insofar as in Florida, the prosecution does not have to prove a defendant knew the illicit nature of a…
18-9615 Shawn Russell Sorensen v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-06-12 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP appeal conflict-among-courts-of-appeals drug-felony drug-felony-offenses drug-offenses eighth-amendment first-step-act mandatory-minimum sentencing sentencing-enhancement simple-possession THIS COURT SHOULD GRANT MR. SORENSEN's PETITION FOR CERTIORARI TO RESOLVE A CONFLICT AMONG THE UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS AS TO WHETHER PETITIONE…
18-8380 Woodrow Pressey, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-03-12 Denied Relisted (4)IFP 924(e)(2)(A)(ii) acca acca-predicate armed-career-criminal-act controlled-substances criminal-enhancement criminal-history drug-conviction drug-offenses florida-statute florida-statute-893.13 predicate-offense prior-convictions sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense serious-drug-offenses 1. Whether prior convictions under Fla. Stat. §893.13 qualify as "serious drug offenses" for purposes of the ACCA, §924(e)(2)(A)(ii). 2. Whether Flor…
18-8145 Desmond Farmer v. United States Fourth Circuit 2019-02-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP amendment-782 assault criminal-classification criminal-history drug-abuse drug-offense drug-offenses due-process equal-protection family-member judicial-discretion non-violent-offense sentencing-guidelines sentencing-reduction violent-offender The District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, Western Division denied the petitioner a reduction in his sentence under 3582 and Amend…
18-7920 Harold A. Habeck, II v. United States Fourth Circuit 2019-02-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP consecutive-sentences criminal-procedure criminal-procedure,sentencing,mandatory-minimums,d criminal-sentencing discretion drug-offense drug-offenses firearms mandatory-minimum mandatory-minimums predicate-crime sentencing-discretion statutory-interpretation "Whether; Dean v. United States, 581 U.S. (2017) permits a district court the discretion to consider less than the mandatory sixty month consecutive s…
18-7419 Fausto Becerra v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-01-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP accountability constitutional-rights criminal-procedure drug-offenses drug-quantity due-process maximum-punishment plea-agreement plea-bargain prosecutorial-discretion sentencing sentencing-enhancement sentencing-guidelines Because the stipulation in the plea bargain which limited the amount and type of drugs was not followed or advocated by the Government, Mr. Becerra wa…
18-7399 Gene Donta Carter v. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 2019-01-14 Denied IFP consecutive-sentences criminal-conspiracy drug-delivery drug-offenses due-process non-violent-crime offense-gravity offense-gravity-scores sentence-proportionality sentencing sentencing-error THE SENTENCING CURT ERRED IN APPLYING INCORRECT OFFENSE GRAVITY SCORES IN VIOLATION OF APPELLANT'S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS BASED UPON THE UNPROVEN WEIGHT O…
18-6707 Alberto Jair Proa-Dominguez v. United States Fifth Circuit 2018-11-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP alleyne-v-united-states criminal-law criminal-sentencing drug-offenses drug-statute due-process flores-figueroa-v-united-states mens-rea statutory-interpretation strict-liability L In light of Flores-Figueroa v. United States, 556 U.S. 646 (2009), does the "knowingly or intentionally' mens rea contained in 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a) a…
18-6665 Maurice T. Smith v. United States Fifth Circuit 2018-11-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP categorical-analysis categorical-approach criminal-law drug-offenses drug-trafficking due-process felony-drug-offense recidivism recidivist-enhancement statutory-interpretation vagueness vagueness-doctrine 1). Whether it was the intent of congress to restrict the application of § 841 recidivist enhancement to previous drug trafficking crimes which are te…
18-6518 Gregory Crum v. United States Fourth Circuit 2018-10-31 Denied Response WaivedIFP abuse-of-discretion criminal-procedure district-court-discretion drug-crimes drug-offense drug-offenses foreign-origin leadership-enhancement methamphetamine relevant-conduct sentencing sentencing-guidelines standard-of-review I. Whether the district court abused its discretion in determining relevant conduct. 2; Whether Greg Crum should receive a leadership enhancement. 3…
18-6472 James Gibson v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP almendarez-torres criminal-procedure drug-offenses jury-trial mandatory-minimum prior-convictions reasonable-doubt recidivism sentencing sentencing-enhancement sixth-amendment Whether the Petitioner's sentence violated his Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial when the district court imposed a minimum mandatory sentence of l…
18-6408 Tiffany A. Prince v. United States Sixth Circuit 2018-10-23 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law drug-offenses drug-overdose federal-courts federal-law physical-injury sentencing-guidelines significant-physical-injury sixth-circuit statutory-interpretation Whether a non-fatal drug overdose is a "significant physical injury" under U.S.S.G. § 5K2.2.
18-5935 Julio Cesar Velasquez v. United States Fifth Circuit 2018-09-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP alleyne alleyne-v-united-states criminal-law drug-offense drug-offenses due-process flores-figueroa mens-rea sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation strict-liability I. In light of Flores-Figueroa v. United States, 556 U.S. 646 (2009), does the "knowingly or intentionally" mens rea contained in 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a) …
18-5839 James Frederick Rebmann v. United States Sixth Circuit 2018-08-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-law drug-offense drug-offenses federal-sentencing federal-sentencing-guidelines felony-classification plain-reading possession-offenses prior-conviction prior-convictions sentencing-guidelines sixth-circuit statutory-interpretation The Federal Sentencing Guidelines require a base offense level of 43 if the defendant is "convicted under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A), (b)(1)(B), or (b)(…
18-5748 Rory Allen Meeks v. United States Eighth Circuit 2018-08-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP alleyne-v-united-states appellate-review constructive-amendment criminal-procedure drug-offense drug-offenses jury-instructions mccoy-v-louisiana mens-rea sentencing sixth-amendment QUESTION I: Whether reasonable jurists might debate the following three questions: - In light of Alleyne v. United States., 135 S. Ct. and Apprendi v.…
18-5520 James Morris Sellers v. United States Fourth Circuit 2018-08-09 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act conclusion constitutional-provisions drug-offenses index prior-convictions sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation statutory-provisions supreme-court-precedent table-of-contents Question not identified.
18-5383 James Rodney Shuman v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP apprendi-v-new-jersey armed-career-criminal-act armed-career-criminal-act-acca controlled-substances-act drug-offenses due-process mathis-v-united-states sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense sixth-amendment statutory-interpretation taylor-v-united-states vagueness void-for-vagueness WHETHER THE APPELLATE COURT'S INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE ARMED CAREER CRIMINAL ACT (ACCA), SPECIALLY 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii), IS CONTR…
18-5311 Jack Reid v. United States Second Circuit 2018-07-24 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-procedure criminal-forfeiture criminal-procedure drug-forfeiture drug-offenses due-process eighth-amendment excessive-fines property-rights property-seizure sentencing standing substantial-connection Under 21 U.S.C. §853 (a)(2), a person convicted of violating a federal drug law must forfeit to the government "any of the person's property used, or …