serious-drug-offense

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Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25-6432 Dylan Gregory Kerstetter v. United States Fifth Circuit 2025-12-23 Pending Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach circuit-split sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense violent-felony Under the ACCA's categorical approach, if a state statute expressly criminalizes conduct outside the federal definitions of "serious drug offense" or …
23-6892 Clifford Laines, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-03-05 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split rodriguez-v-united-states sentencing-regime serious-drug-offense state-law-interpretation state-sentencing-regime statutory-maximum Does the 'maximum term of imprisonment... prescribed by law' for a prior state offense under the Armed Career Criminal Act's 'serious drug offense' de…
23-6854 Danny Lee Hampton v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-02-28 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split drug-schedules federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense federal-sentencing prior-state-drug-offense sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) incorporates the federal drug schedules in effect at the time of…
23-6579 Jamaal A. Hameen v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-01-25 GVR Relisted (3)IFP armed-career-criminal-act commerce-clause criminal-procedure drug-schedules federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense firearm-offense prior-state-drug-offense sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) incorporates the federal drug schedules in effect at the time of…
23A686 Clifford Laines, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-01-24 Presumed Complete armed-career-criminal-act criminal-statute drug-trafficking firearm-possession sentencing-guidelines serious-drug-offense Whether the Armed Career Criminal Act's definition of 'serious drug offense' requires a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years or more for the unde…
23-6361 Victor Grant v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-12-27 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split criminal-sentencing federal-drug-schedules serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(i), incorporates the federal drug schedules t…
23-5166 Antwoyn Anderson v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-07-21 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense firearm-offense jackson-v-united-states prior-state-drug-offense serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the Armed Career Criminal Act's definition of 'serious drug offense' incorporates the federal drug schedules in effect at the time of the fede…
23-5072 Dorothy Pearl Smith v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-07-12 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split drug-schedules federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense federal-sentencing prior-state-drug-offense sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) incorporates the federal drug schedules in effect at the time of…
22-7894 Frankie Shearry v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-06-29 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split criminal-law drug-schedules federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) incorporates the federal drug schedules in effect at the time of…
22-7630 Daniel Nathaniel McCall v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-05-24 GVR Relisted (3)IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense mandatory-minimum prior-state-drug-offense sentencing sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) incorporates the federal drug schedules in effect at the time of…
22-6719 Michael Anthony Conage v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-02-07 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split drug-schedules eighth-circuit federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense fourth-circuit sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense tenth-circuit third-circuit Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii), incorporates the federal drug sch…
22-6683 Terrell Javon Jones v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-02-01 Denied Relisted (4)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split drug-schedules eighth-circuit federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense fourth-circuit sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense tenth-circuit third-circuit Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii), incorporates the federal drug sch…
22-6640 Eugene Jackson v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2023-01-26 Judgment Issued Amici (1)Relisted (3)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split controlled-substances-act drug-schedules federal-drug-schedules federal-firearm-offense prior-state-drug-offense sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the 'serious drug offense' definition in the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii), incorporates the federal drug schedules …
21-5980 Jerome Curtis Stancil v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-10-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act commerce-clause controlled-substances-act distribution serious-drug-offense social-sharing Whether socially sharing drugs with a friend qualifies as 'distribution' under the ACCA's 'serious-drug-offense' definition
20-7974 Terrol Debaun Travis v. United States Fifth Circuit 2021-05-10 GVR IFP armed-career-criminal-act controlled-substances delivery offer-to-sell serious-drug-offense texas Whether the definition of 'delivery' in the Texas controlled substances statute, which includes an offer to sell, includes conduct that does not quali…
20-7913 Dallas Jerome Wims v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-05-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act controlled-substance-act eighth-amendment first-step-act sentencing serious-drug-offense Whether the First Step Act's amendment redefining 'serious drug offense' applies to the ACCA
20-7617 Willie Lee Lewis v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-03-31 GVR Relisted (4)IFP armed-career-criminal-act controlled-substances-act felony-drug-offense first-step-act sentence-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Does the First Step Act's addition of a definition for 'felony drug offense' to section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. § 802, also al…
20-7286 Kashus Davis v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-03-01 Denied IFP 18-usc-924 armed-career-criminal-act controlled-substance criminal-law criminal-procedure mens-rea serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the drug conduct in the Armed Career Criminal Act's 'serious drug offense' definition in 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii) requires knowledge of th…
20-7284 Tyrell Donte Curry v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-03-01 Denied Amici (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach controlled-substance criminal-procedure mens-rea serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the drug conduct in the Armed Career Criminal Act's 'serious drug offense' definition in 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii) requires knowledge of th…
20-6451 Genesis Javon White v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-11-25 Denied Response WaivedIFP acca armed-career-criminal armed-career-criminal-act criminal-classification factual-finding occasions-different prior-convictions sentencing sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense serious-drug-offenses Whether the district court erred in classifying Mr. Griffin as an armed career criminal
20-5646 Sean Justin Owens v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-09-10 Denied Relisted (3)IFP appellate-review armed-career-criminal-act commerce-clause criminal-conviction firearm-possession jury prior-conviction prior-convictions rehaif-v-united-states sentencing serious-drug-offense Whether courts of appeals may affirm a defendant's conviction by relying on facts about the defendant's prior convictions that were not proven to the …
20-5404 Jermaine Isaac Ross v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-08-19 Denied Relisted (3)IFP armed-career-criminal-act criminal-procedure due-process guilty-plea non-elemental-facts prior-offenses rehaif-v-united-states sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense whether-federal-court-may-increase-sentence-under-acca
20-5321 Michael Wayne Wadena v. United States Eighth Circuit 2020-08-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights controlled-substance criminal-history due-process eighth-amendment firearm-possession related-cases sentencing sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals have jurisdiction to hear a certificate of appealability
20-5054 Michael Lance Davis, aka Michael Scott Davis v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-07-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP categorical-approach controlled-substance criminal-sentencing distribution manufacturing ninth-circuit possession-with-intent-to-distribute serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether Shular v. United States, 140 S. Ct. 779 (2020), abrogates the 'related to' test for whether a state crime qualifies as a serious drug offense
19-8564 David Ojeda v. United States Second Circuit 2020-05-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split johnson-vagueness new-york-state-law second-circuit serious-drug-offense stokeling-precedent stokeling-v-united-states violent-felony Whether the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit misapplied Stokeling v. United States
19-8414 Ashford James Simmons v. United States Fourth Circuit 2020-05-07 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach controlled-substance-offense fourth-circuit prior-conviction prior-convictions sentencing-guidelines serious-drug-offense Whether the Fourth Circuit should be required to properly apply the categorical approach to determine if a prior conviction is a 'serious drug offense…
19-7665 Marvie Chapman, Jr. v. United States Eighth Circuit 2020-02-13 Denied Response WaivedIFP categorical-approach controlled-substance controlled-substance-offense criminal-statute divisibility felony-drug-offense mathis-standard mathis-v-united-states sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether a statute is indivisible for purposes of applying Mathis v. United States to 'controlled substance offense', 'serious drug offense', and 'felo…
19-7562 Dalton Laquane Smith v. United States Fourth Circuit 2020-02-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP actual-innocence armed-career-criminal-act career-offender categorical-approach drug-offenses fourth-circuit fourth-circuit-categorical-approach mathis-v-united-states rehaif-v-united-states serious-drug-offense serious-drug-offenses shular-v-united-states statutory-interpretation Does the Fourth Circuit's non-traditional definition of the categorical approach permit an overbroad definition of 'serious drug offenses' for career …
19-7553 Gerald Humbert v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-02-05 Denied IFP 11th-circuit acca armed-career-criminal-act criminal-law federal-criminal-jurisdiction federal-jurisdiction felon-in-possession mens-rea rehaif sentencing serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation summary-remand Whether the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit should have granted COA as to whether Petitioner's Fla. Stat. § 893.13 drug offens…
19-7363 Richard Grady Romans v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-01-23 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act criminal-sentencing drug-conspiracy drug-distribution felony-enhancement occasions-different predicate-offense serious-drug-offense substantive-offense violent-felony Whether a drug conspiracy committed on an occasion different from the drug distribution offenses committed during and in furtherance of that same cons…
19-7314 Johnny L. Dawson v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2020-01-16 Denied IFP acca acca-predicate-offense actual-innocence armed-career-criminal-act drug-offense eleventh-circuit elonis-v-united-states florida-statute mens-rea serious-drug-offense shular strict-liability supreme-court-review united-states-v-smith Whether the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit erroneously concluded that Petitioner's Fla. Stat. § 893.13 drug offenses qualify …
19-7071 Joseph A. Williams v. United States Seventh Circuit 2019-12-27 Denied IFP appellate-review armed-career-criminal-act certification criminal-law criminal-procedure judicial-certification sentencing serious-drug-offense state-convictions statutory-interpretation Whether the Armed Career Criminal Act's 'serious drug offense' definition is limited to only those state convictions that are the same or narrower tha…
19-7045 Michael Jones v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-12-20 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act career-offender categorical-approach controlled-substance-offense guidelines ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense Whether the determination of a 'controlled substance offense' under the Guidelines requires the same categorical approach used in the determination of…
19-7007 Bryshun Genard Furlow v. United States Fourth Circuit 2019-12-19 GVR Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach collateral-challenge controlled-substance-offense due-process fourth-circuit prior-conviction sentencing-guidelines serious-drug-offense state-conviction u.s.s.g.-4b1.1 Whether the Fourth Circuit should be required to use the categorical approach, applying the parameters set by this Court, to its determination that a …
19-6965 Vondale Lamar Kincaide v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-12-17 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach criminal-law criminal-sentencing gvr-order sentencing serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation violent-felony Whether the determination of a 'serious drug offense' under the Armed Career Criminal Act requires the same categorical approach used in the determina…
19-6675 Michael Ray Bishop v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-11-20 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach circuit-split controlled-substance-offense enumerated-offense-clause sentencing-guidelines serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether an offense-matching categorical approach applies to the determination of a 'controlled substance offense' under the Sentencing Guidelines?
19-6672 Erwin Keith Bell v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-11-19 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach due-process eighth-circuit lowest-level-of-conduct serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation violent-felony Whether the determination of a 'serious drug offense' under the Armed Career Criminal Act requires the same categorical approach used in the determina…
19-6671 Kyle Dwayne Boleyn v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-11-19 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach due-process eighth-circuit lowest-level-of-conduct serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation violent-felony Whether the determination of a 'serious drug offense' under the Armed Career Criminal Act requires the same categorical approach used in the determina…
19-6586 Shane Inghels v. United States Seventh Circuit 2019-11-12 Denied IFP 18-usc-924 armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach controlled-substance criminal-statute divisibility indiana-code indiana-code-35-48-4-1.1 serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether a conviction for dealing in methamphetamine under Indiana Code § 35-48-4-1.1 is improperly considered a 'serious drug offense' under the Armed…
19-6114 Antwoyn Anderson v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-10-01 GVR Relisted (4)IFP armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split elements-clause mens-rea reckless serious-drug-offense violent-felony Whether possession with intent to sell cocaine under Fla. Stat. § 893.13 is a 'serious drug offense' under the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § …
19-5923 Jamaar Danglo Hayes v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-09-12 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach prior-convictions sentencing sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation violent-felony Whether the determination of a 'serious drug offense' under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA or Act) requires the same categorical approach used in…
19-5491 Shed T. Woods v. United States Seventh Circuit 2019-08-07 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach controlled-substance controlled-substances criminal-conviction divisibility drug-offense indiana-code-35-48-4-1 indiana-statute serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether a conviction for dealing in cocaine or narcotic drug under Indiana Code § 35-48-4-1 is improperly considered a 'serious drug offense' under th…
19-5309 William Dante Mitchell v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-07-26 Denied Relisted (2)IFP certiorari-petition criminal-procedure criminal-statute due-process firearms-violation habeas-corpus sentencing sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation statutory-provisions supreme-court violent-felony Whether this Court should hold the instant petition in light of Shular v. United States
19-5278 Duryane Lewis Chaney v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-07-22 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP acca categorical-approach criminal-law davis drug-offense sentencing serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation violent-felony Whether the determination of a serious drug offense under the ACCA requires the same categorical approach used in the determination of a violent felon…
18-8941 Sheldon Lamont Jackson v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-04-22 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act criminal-history elements-clause florida-statute johnson-v-united-states leocal-v-ashcroft mens-rea possession-with-intent-to-sell sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense violent-felony Whether the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals erroneously affirmed Mr. Jackson's sentence under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA)
18-8911 Gerald Humbert v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-04-22 GVR Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 11th-circuit acca acca-serious-drug-offense armed-career-criminal-act certiorari criminal-law criminal-procedure drug-offense eleventh-circuit florida-statute florida-statute-893-13 mens-rea serious-drug-offense statutory-interpretation united-states-v-smith Whether a Florida drug offense qualifies as a 'serious drug offense' under the ACCA without mens rea
18-8380 Woodrow Pressey, Jr. v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-03-12 Denied Relisted (4)IFP 924(e)(2)(A)(ii) acca acca-predicate armed-career-criminal-act controlled-substances criminal-enhancement criminal-history drug-conviction drug-offenses florida-statute florida-statute-893.13 predicate-offense prior-convictions sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense serious-drug-offenses Whether prior convictions under Fla. Stat. §893.13 qualify as 'serious drug offenses' for purposes of the ACCA, §924(e)(2)(A)(ii)
18-8320 Darius Andre Holmes v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-03-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP buford-v-united-states career-offender categorical-approach circuit-court-review criminal-history de-novo-review eleventh-circuit federal-enhancement predicate-offense serious-drug-offense taylor-v-united-states Whether the circuit court departed from the established rule of Taylor v. United States, 495 US 575(1990), requiring a categorical approach to determi…
18-1131 United States v. Eric Quinn Franklin Ninth Circuit 2019-02-28 Dismissed accomplice-liability armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach controlled-substances-act mens-rea serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense statutory-interpretation Whether a state drug offense must categorically match the elements of a generic analogue offense, including with respect to the mens rea for any poten…
18-7966 Desmond Smith v. J. A. Terris, Warden Sixth Circuit 2019-02-14 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP armed-career-criminal-act constitutional-rights drug-offense generic-federal-offense generic-offense sentence-enhancement serious-drug-offense state-law-definition state-statute Whether the ACCA's definition of a 'serious drug offense' imposes a sentence enhancement or make an exception when a state's definition of 'delivery a…
18-7833 Jerome Hayes v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-02-07 Denied Relisted (4)IFP begay begay-v-united-states categorical-approach certificate-of-appealability circuit-split criminal-statute mens-rea serious-drug-offense staples staples-v-united-states strict-liability Is a post-2002 conviction for sale of cocaine or possession of cocaine with intent to sell in violation of Fla. Stat. § 893.13 a 'serious drug offense…
18-7105 Tavaris Jemario Hunter v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-12-19 Denied Relisted (4)IFP acca begay-v-united-states categorical-approach circuit-split elonis-v-united-states mens-rea second-fifth-ninth-circuits serious-drug-offense staples-v-united-states statutory-interpretation strict-liability Is a post-2002 conviction for sale of cocaine or possession of cocaine with intent to sell in violation of Fla. Stat. § 893.13 a 'serious drug offense…
18-6662 Eddie Lee Shular v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-13 Judgment Issued Amici (3)Relisted (3)IFP armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach circuit-split mens-rea sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense statutory-construction violent-felony Whether the determination of a serious drug offense' under the Armed Career Criminal Act requires the same categorical approach used in the determinat…
18-6474 Tyrone Hart v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act begay-v-united-states categorical-approach controlled-substance criminal-statute drug-offense elonis-v-united-states federal-law florida-statute intent-to-sell mens-rea serious-drug-offense staples-v-united-states Is a post-2002 conviction for possession with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver a controlled substance in violation of Fla. Stat. § 893.13 a 'se…
18-6366 John A. Barbosa v. United States First Circuit 2018-10-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act carachuri-rosendo carachuri-rosendo-v-holder charging-decision charging-document circuit-split judgment maximum-sentence plea-colloquy prosecutorial-discretion record-of-conviction rodriguez-precedent serious-drug-offense state-drug-offense Whether a prior Massachusetts state drug offense that carried a maximum term of imprisonment of two and a half years as charged can constitute a serio…
18-5497 Timothy Edmun Johnson v. United States Tenth Circuit 2018-08-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act controlled-substances criminal-history double-jeopardy drug-distribution federal-sentencing felony-possession occasions-different sentencing-enhancement separate-occasions serious-drug-offense Whether Oklahoma's crime of drug distribution is a 'serious drug offense' under the Armed Career Criminal Act when state law defines 'distribution' to…
18-5439 Adam Longoria v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-02 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act criminal-procedure descamps-v-united-states mathis-v-united-states non-elemental-facts occasions-different sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense sixth-amendment sixth-amendment-jury-trial statutory-interpretation taylor-v-united-states violent-felony Whether the ACCA's 'occasions different from one another' clause requires a sentencing court to rely solely on elemental facts, or whether it can rely…
18-5383 James Rodney Shuman v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP apprendi-v-new-jersey armed-career-criminal-act armed-career-criminal-act-acca controlled-substances-act drug-offenses due-process mathis-v-united-states sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense sixth-amendment statutory-interpretation taylor-v-united-states vagueness void-for-vagueness whether-the-appellate-court's-interpretation-and-application-of-the-armed-career-criminal-act-(acca)-is-contrary-to-supreme-court-precedent
18-5380 Luis Lopez v. United States First Circuit 2018-07-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act carachuri-rosendo circuit-court-split criminal-history drug-offense massachusetts-state-court massachusetts-state-district-court maximum-imprisonment maximum-term-of-imprisonment moncrieffe sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense state-court-conviction Whether a prior conviction in a Massachusetts state district court for which the defendant was actually exposed by law to a maximum term of imprisonme…
18-5105 Atnafu Ras Makonnen v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-03 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act career-offender categorical-approach due-process fifth-amendment predicate-offense sentencing-enhancement serious-drug-offense violent-felony Whether Makonnen's prior convictions for felony battery and attempted first-degree murder with a deadly weapon qualify as violent felonies under the A…