mandatory-sentencing

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Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
25-201 Mahsa Parviz v. United States Ninth Circuit 2025-08-19 Denied consent-requirement criminal-statute identity-theft mandatory-sentencing means-of-identification statutory-interpretation 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1), titled "Aggravated identity theft," imposes a mandatory consecutive two-year prison term on one who, while committing a liste…
24-941 Wayne Sellers, IV v. Colorado Colorado 2025-03-03 Denied Response Waived diminished-culpability eighth-amendment felony-murder life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing penological-goals Whether a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for felony murder, imposed on a defendant who did not kill or inte…
24A76 Jonathan Andrew Arias, Christopher Lee McLeod, Thomas James Odom, Felipe Petrone-Cabanas, and Charles Vincent Wagner v. Arizona Arizona 2024-07-23 Presumed Complete eighth-amendment juvenile-sentencing life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing miller-v-alabama youth-mitigation Whether the Eighth Amendment requires resentencing for juvenile offenders who were previously sentenced to mandatory life without parole under Arizona…
24-5119 Stacey Williams, Jr. v. United States Sixth Circuit 2024-07-19 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure due-process mandatory-life-sentence mandatory-sentencing sentencing sentencing-enhancement sixth-amendment statutory-interpretation due-process
23-859 Zachary S. Spiegel v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2024-02-09 Denied Response Waived attempted-enticement circuit-split criminal-law criminal-statute free-speech mandatory-sentencing obscene-speech obscenity sentencing statutory-interpretation substantial-step Does speech alone constitute the 'substantial step' for a charge of attempted enticement of a minor?
23-830 Lonnie Allen Bassett v. Arizona Arizona 2024-02-02 Denied Amici (3)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (5) criminal-procedure eighth-amendment juvenile-sentencing life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing miller-v-alabama montgomery-v-louisiana sentencing-discretion Whether the Eighth Amendment permits a juvenile to be sentenced to life without parole under a system that did not afford the sentencing court discret…
23-5167 Jose Suarez v. United States Second Circuit 2023-07-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP accessorial-liability accessorial-participation criminal-culpability criminal-record cruel-and-unusual-punishment eighth-amendment juvenile-offenders life-sentence life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing sentencing-proportionality Does a mandatory life sentence without parole for an individual who was twenty at the time of the offense, who was without a criminal record, who had …
22-7869 Kendall Demarko Wysinger, aka Demarko, aka D v. United States Fourth Circuit 2023-06-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP appeals conspiracy court-of-appeals criminal-appeal criminal-law drug-statute human-trafficking life-imprisonment mandatory-sentencing sentencing statutory-interpretation Whether the court of appeals erred in refusing to reverse Wysinger's conviction on count one for conspiracy to violate 18 U.S.C. § 1591(a)(1)
22-6762 Ryan Galal Van Dyck v. Arizona Arizona 2023-02-13 Denied Response WaivedIFP 8th-amendment child-pornography cruel-and-unusual-punishment eighth-amendment life-sentence mandatory-sentencing proportionality sentencing Does a mandatory de facto life sentence for mere possession of child pornography images, when the person has never directly abused or attempted to abu…
22-6027 Cedric Joseph Rue, Jr. v. Ryan Thornell, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation and Reentry Ninth Circuit 2022-11-08 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP criminal-procedure eighth-amendment eighth-amendment-interpretation juvenile-offender juvenile-sentencing life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing parole-abolition sentencing-discretion Whether the abolition of parole in Arizona creates a mandatory life-without-parole sentence that violates the Eighth Amendment when imposed on a juven…
22-6023 Tonatihu Aguilar v. Ryan Thornell, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation and Reentry, et al. Ninth Circuit 2022-11-08 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP criminal-procedure eighth-amendment juvenile-offender juvenile-sentencing life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing miller-v-alabama parole-abolition sentencing-reform When a state abolishes its parole system, does it create a mandatory life-without-parole sentence that, when imposed on a juvenile homicide offender, …
22-5889 Michael Paul Jessup v. Ryan Thornell, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation and Reentry, et al. Ninth Circuit 2022-10-24 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 8th-amendment constitutional-law criminal-procedure eighth-amendment juvenile-offenders juvenile-sentencing life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing parole-abolition sentencing When a state abolishes its parole system, does it create a mandatory life-without-parole sentence that, when imposed on a juvenile homicide offender, …
22-5448 Roger C. Cassidy v. Florida Florida 2022-08-25 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights constitutional-law criminal-defendant due-process equal-protection judicial-fact-finding judicial-review mandatory-sentencing preponderance-of-evidence prior-conviction sentencing-exposure standing Whether the lower court erred in its interpretation and application of the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause
22-5147 Ortavious Devon Wilson v. Ricky D. Dixon, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2022-07-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP almendarez-torres-v-united-states certificate-of-appealability constitutional-rights criminal-procedure jury-trial mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentencing prison-releasee-reoffender sixth-amendment Whether the Petitioner's sentence violated his Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial
21-7676 Robert Christopher Jones v. Illinois Illinois 2022-04-21 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-justice eighth-amendment juvenile-justice mandatory-sentencing miller-factors miller-v-alabama plea-agreement plea-bargaining sentencing sentencing-challenge Whether a pre-Miller guilty plea bars a post-Miller sentencing challenge under the Eighth Amendment
21-7303 Edward Pinchon v. Raymond Byrd, Warden Sixth Circuit 2022-03-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process eighth-amendment habeas-corpus juvenile-offenders juvenile-sentencing life-imprisonment mandatory-sentencing miller-precedent Whether the Sixth Circuit erred in concluding that the Miller v. Alabama holding applies only to sentences expressly articulated as life without the p…
21-6416 Bradford S. Davic v. Ohio Ohio 2021-11-24 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP appellate-review constitutional-rights due-process guilty-plea mandatory-sentences mandatory-sentencing sex-offender-registration trial-court-notification void-plea Is a petitioner denied due process of law, and is his guilty plea void, where his plea was not entered knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily, due t…
21-5498 Raymond Concepcion v. Massachusetts Massachusetts 2021-08-27 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure eighth-amendment intellectual-disability juvenile-court juvenile-justice mandatory-sentencing miller-v-alabama proportionality youth youth-culpability Whether the mandatory exclusion of murder defendants between the ages of 14 and 18 from Juvenile Court precludes individualized consideration of their…
20-8273 Roger G. Babcock v. Florida Florida 2021-06-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure due-process ineffective-assistance-of-counsel judicial-discretion mandatory-sentencing sentencing sentencing-discretion state-law statutory-interpretation Whether the defendant was arbitrarily deprived of his interest in the exercise of judicial discretion in sentencing by the misapplication of a state c…
20-7849 Ismael Lopez v. United States, et al. Second Circuit 2021-04-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP 8th-amendment accomplice-liability constitutional-review criminal-procedure due-process factor-based-analysis mandatory-sentencing mens-rea nexus proportionality-test sentencing Whether mandatory sentences are constitutional
20-7671 Ronald E. Johnson v. Derek Schmidt, Attorney General of Kansas, et al. Tenth Circuit 2021-04-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-review criminal-procedure due-process kansas-supreme-court mandatory-minimums mandatory-sentencing sentencing sentencing-modification sixth-amendment statutory-interpretation sua-sponte Was Astorga v. Kansas remanded back to the Kansas Supreme Court for the purpose of correcting with the Mandatory Sentence modification of Hard 40/50 p…
20-7520 Shante Bruce Rice v. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 2021-03-22 Denied IFP age-of-defendant constitutional-law criminal-justice criminal-sentencing equal-protection equal-protection-clause life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing sentencing supreme-court supreme-court-precedent Whether the Pennsylvania Superior Court's decision that the ban on mandatory sentences of life without parole applies to only those defendants who wer…
20-7461 David Kendrick v. United States Third Circuit 2021-03-17 Denied Response WaivedIFP aggregation alleyne-precedent alleyne-v-united-states criminal-procedure drug-conspiracy drug-quantity mandatory-sentence mandatory-sentencing rowe-interpretation threshold-quantity united-states-v-rowe Whether the government must prove the defendant conspired to actually possess the threshold drug amount at a given time, rather than rely on an aggreg…
20-7404 De Andre Smith v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2021-03-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP commerce-clause criminal-prosecution federal-jurisdiction hobbs-act individual-victim interstate-commerce intra-state-robbery mandatory-sentencing robbery software-purchase Whether the intra-state robbery of an individual satisfies the interstate commerce nexus sufficient for a Hobbs Act prosecution
20-7057 Romario Waller v. Arkansas Arkansas 2021-02-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP 14th-amendment 5th-amendment 6th-amendment aggravating-factors amendment-violation constitutional-rights due-process judicial-discretion mandatory-sentencing plea-agreement sentencing sentencing-enhancement Did the Trial Judge violate Petitioner's constitutional rights
20-6582 Curtis Ward v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-12-09 Denied Relisted (2)IFP 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924(c) bank-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence federal-armed-bank-robbery force-clause mandatory-sentencing statutory-interpretation Does federal armed bank robbery qualify as a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)?
20-6447 Michael Anthony Cernak v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-11-25 Denied Relisted (2)IFP armed-bank-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence elements-clause extortion federal-armed-bank-robbery federal-criminal-law intimidation mandatory-sentencing statutory-interpretation Whether federal armed bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) and (d) qualifies as a crime of violence under the elements clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(…
20-6415 Larry Antonio Burleigh v. United States Fourth Circuit 2020-11-24 Denied Response WaivedIFP §2255-motion carjacking categorical-approach certificate-of-appealability collateral-review due-process due-process-clause fourth-circuit inchoate-crime johnson-ii mandatory-sentencing Whether Petitioner is entitled to a certificate of appealability to appeal the denial of his motion to vacate his firearm convictions and mandatory se…
20-6085 Celso Yanez v. California California 2020-10-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP cruel-and-unusual-punishment eighth-amendment first-time-offender mandatory-sentencing sentencing sentencing-guidelines sexual-abuse Whether a mandatory sentence of 45 years to life, imposed on a 56-year-old first-time offender in a sexual abuse case involving no violence, no force,…
20-5927 Gene Michael Diulio v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-10-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP 28-usc-2255 circuit-split due-process federal-procedure habeas-corpus johnson-ruling johnson-v-united-states mandatory-sentencing mandatory-sentencing-guidelines residual-clause sentencing-guidelines vagueness Are 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motions filed within one year of Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015), raising due-process, vagueness, mandatory-sent…
20-5407 Dominique Mack v. United States Second Circuit 2020-08-19 Denied Relisted (4)IFP confrontation-clause criminal-procedure cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process evidence jailhouse-informant mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentencing plain-error sentencing statements-against-interest Whether the district court's admission of jailhouse informant testimony violated this Court's jurisprudence on statements against interest
19-7799 Desmond Baker v. Florida Florida 2020-02-27 Denied IFP criminal-procedure eighth-amendment fourteenth-amendment juvenile-offender juvenile-offenders juvenile-sentencing life-sentence life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing parole sentencing-review Do the Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit mandatory sentencing laws which require sentencing every j…
19-7676 Robert Jackson v. Florida Florida 2020-02-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP eighth-amendment graham-v-florida graham-vs-florida juvenile-sentencing life-imprisonment mandatory-sentencing miller-graham-rule miller-v-alabama miller-vs-alabama national-consensus parole scientific-evidence Whether Eighth Amendment's protection established in Graham and Miller should be expanded beyond age cutoff at eighteen to prohibit mandatory life imp…
19-7243 Joshua Wolf v. Cindy Griffith, Warden Eighth Circuit 2020-01-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP certificate-of-appealability constitutional-rights criminal-procedure eighth-amendment equal-protection fourteenth-amendment juvenile-offenders mandatory-life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing resentencing sentencing-procedures sixth-amendment Whether Missouri's decision to order resentencing for juvenile homicide offenders with mandatory 50-year sentences but not for Joshua, a juvenile homi…
19-6769 Steven Hicks v. United States Ninth Circuit 2019-11-26 Denied IFP certificate-of-appealability criminal-procedure debatable-among-jurists-of-reason johnson-v-united-states jurists-of-reason mandatory-guidelines mandatory-sentencing ninth-circuit sentencing-guidelines u.s.s.g.-4b1.2(a)(2) vagueness void-for-vagueness Whether the Ninth Circuit misapplied this Court's 'debatable among jurists of reason' standard for a certificate of appealability
19-6755 Frederick Garcia-Cruz v. United States Ninth Circuit 2019-11-26 Denied IFP certificate-of-appealability criminal-procedure debatable-among-jurists-of-reason due-process habeas-corpus jurists-of-reason mandatory-sentencing ninth-circuit residual-clause sentencing-guidelines vagueness void-for-vagueness Whether the Ninth Circuit misapplied this Court's 'debatable among jurists of reason' standard for a certificate of appealability
19-6539 Dwayne Dumont Haizlip v. Joseph Valliere Fourth Circuit 2019-11-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP civil-rights constitutional-challenge constitutional-law criminal-procedure drug-trafficking due-process fourteenth-amendment habitual-felon-law habitual-offender mandatory-sentencing sentencing Whether the federal court erred in upholding the petitioner's mandatory sentence for a drug-trafficking conviction under North Carolina General Statut…
19-6379 Timothy Edward Holz v. United States Tenth Circuit 2019-10-24 Denied IFP career-offender collateral-review crime-of-violence johnson-decision johnson-v-united-states mandatory-sentence-enhancement mandatory-sentencing pre-booker pre-booker-mandatory residual-clause section-2255 sentencing-guidelines sentencing-guidelines-4b1.2a Whether Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015), invalidated U.S. Sentencing Guidelines § 4B1.2(a)---the career offender guideline's residual…
19-6336 Eddie Jennings v. United States Third Circuit 2019-10-22 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act collateral-review criminal-law johnson-ruling mandatory-sentencing new-right retroactive-application retroactivity sentencing sentencing-guidelines vagueness vagueness-doctrine Whether this Court's rulings in Johnson and Welch apply to the residual clause of the career-offender provision of the former mandatory Sentencing Gui…
19-399 Barry C. Garcia v. North Dakota North Dakota 2019-09-25 Denied Response RequestedRelisted (3) discretionary-sentencing juvenile-offenses juvenile-offenses-sentencing life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing miller-v-alabama montgomery-v-louisiana parole resentencing-hearing sentencing Whether the constitutional standard announced in Miller v. Alabama applies only to mandatory sentences
19-6054 John Hemby v. United States Third Circuit 2019-09-25 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act collateral-review constitutional-vagueness criminal-sentencing johnson-ruling mandatory-sentencing new-right retroactivity sentencing-guidelines vagueness vagueness-doctrine welch-precedent Whether this Court's rulings in Johnson and Welch apply to the residual clause of the career-offender provision of the former mandatory Sentencing Gui…
19-6019 Marco Antonio Murillo v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-09-20 Denied Response WaivedIFP criminal-procedure due-process federal-defendants indictment indictment-right mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentencing sentencing sentencing-enhancement united-states-v-haymond Whether federal defendants enjoy the right to indictment as to some facts that alter the likely sentence within a mandatory range of punishment?
19-5996 Michael J. W. Potter v. United States Sixth Circuit 2019-09-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights criminal-procedure criminal-sentencing cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process eighth-amendment life-imprisonment mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentencing sentencing Whether entry of a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment violated Appellant's rights under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
19-5401 Thomas Lewis v. United States Ninth Circuit 2019-07-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP 18-usc-371 18-usc-924c ambiguous-record circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law criminal-procedure-retroactivity due-process federal-conspiracy mandatory-sentencing retroactive-invalidation retroactivity sentencing statutory-interpretation united-states-v-davis Does this Court's ruling in United States v. Davis, 139 S. Ct. 2319 (2019) apply retroactively to defendant's raising motions to vacate their sentence…
18-9238 Reshaud Todd Brown v. Washington Washington 2019-05-10 Denied IFP cruel-and-unusual-punishment eighth-amendment habitual-offender habitual-offender-statute life-without-parole mandatory-sentencing proportionality-review sentencing sentencing-court youthful-adult youthful-offender Whether imposition of a mandatory sentence of life without parole under a habitual offender statute violates the Eighth Amendment prohibition against …
18-9019 Lony Tap Gatwas v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-04-29 Denied IFP aggravated-identity-theft circuit-split criminal-law felony mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentence mandatory-sentencing rule-of-lenity statutory-interpretation Whether the Eighth Circuit erred in interpreting 18 U.S.C. § 1028A's prohibition on the 'use' of another's identity without lawful authority
18-8435 Roy Allen Green v. United States Third Circuit 2019-03-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP armed-career-criminal-act collateral-review constitutional-vagueness due-process mandatory-sentencing residual-clause retroactive-application retroactivity sentencing-guidelines vagueness Whether this Court's rulings in Johnson and Welch, retroactively invalidating the residual clause of the ACCA because it was unconstitutionally vague,…
18-7623 James Goolsby v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-01-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP 18-usc-3582-c-2 appellate-procedure dillion-v-united-states exceptional-circumstances judicial-discretion mandatory-life-sentence mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentencing misapplication-of-guidelines miscarriage-of-justice official-victim-enhancement recall-of-mandate retroactive-amendment sentencing-guidelines Whether the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals abused its discretion in refusing to recall the mandate on the direct appeal to prevent a miscarriage of j…
18-7239 Daniel P. Cannon v. United States Seventh Circuit 2019-01-04 Denied Response WaivedIFP career-offender circuit-precedent due-process mandatory-sentencing mandatory-term post-booker sentencing seventh-circuit Should this Court GRANT this Writ because the decision of the Seventh Circuit violates Petitioner's Due Process Right, whereas sentencing occurred Pos…
18-7034 Shawn Sadik v. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 2018-12-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP 8th-amendment criminal-sentencing cruel-and-unusual-punishment culpability death-penalty developmental-disability eighth-amendment intellectual-disability life-without-parole mandatory-life-imprisonment mandatory-sentencing parole Does the Eighth Amendment bar individuals with intellectual-and-developmental-disabilities from receiving mandatory-life-imprisonment-without-parole s…
18-6974 Dannye T. McIntosh v. United States Seventh Circuit 2018-12-11 Denied Response WaivedIFP career-offender circuit-precedent due-process mandatory-sentencing post-booker sentencing Should this Court GRANT this Write because the decision of the Seventh Circuit violates Petitioner's Due Process Right, whereas sentencing occurred Po…
18-6801 Van McDuffy v. United States Ninth Circuit 2018-11-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP accidental-killing bank-robbery criminal-law criminal-statute felony-murder intent mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentencing mens-rea sentencing statutory-interpretation What intent, if any, beyond the intent to commit bank robbery, is required to sustain a conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(e), which imposes a mandator…
18-6387 Spencer Bowens v. United States Fourth Circuit 2018-10-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015) 28 U.S.C. §2255(£)(3) 28 U.S.C. §2255(f)(3) extend to pre-Booker mandatory career-offender gu that has been newly recognized by the United Stat career-offender career-offender-guidelines collateral-review criminal-law criminal-procedure criminal-procedure,sentencing,retroactivity,collat Johnson-right johnson-v-united-states mandatory-sentencing retroactive-application retroactivity sentencing sentencing-guidelines Supreme-Court-precedent Whether the right in Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015) that has been newly recognized by the United States Supreme Court and made retro…
18-6207 Manuel Ernesto Paiz Guevara v. United States Fourth Circuit 2018-10-03 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP abuse-of-discretion capital-crime capital-punishment criminal-procedure death-penalty eighth-amendment fourth-circuit-split mandatory-sentencing miller-v-alabama right-to-counsel sentencing sentencing-discretion statutory-interpretation Whether the Fourth Circuit erred in denying the defendant's request for two attorneys in a capital case
18-6169 Tracy L. Johnson v. United States Sixth Circuit 2018-10-03 Denied Response WaivedIFP 924(c)-statute conspiracy criminal-law criminal-procedure double-jeopardy drug-conspiracy drug-crimes due-process firearm-possession informant-testimony law-enforcement-conduct mandatory-minimum mandatory-sentencing sentencing sentencing-enhancement Whether a defendant should be subject to a mandatory 25 year consecutive 924(c) sentence for the same drug Conspiracy
18-6036 Donald S. Harden v. United States Seventh Circuit 2018-09-19 Denied Response WaivedIFP causation criminal-statute drug-trafficking mandatory-life-imprisonment mandatory-sentencing proximate-cause racial-disparities rule-of-lenity sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation strict-liability Whether proof of proximate cause is required for the 'death results' sentencing enhancement under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(B)
18-5884 Matthew Gary Richardson v. United States Sixth Circuit 2018-09-05 Denied Response WaivedIFP circuit-split generic-burglary intent-requirement judicial-factfinding mandatory-sentence mandatory-sentencing mathis mathis-peek mathis-v-united-states reasonable-doubt sentencing-enhancement sixth-amendment statutory-interpretation taylor Whether the 'Mathis peek' used by the court below to guess if a fact is an element or a means of committing an offense violates the Sixth Amendment
18-5239 Deshawn T. Terrell v. Ohio Ohio 2018-07-16 Denied Amici (1)IFP cruel-and-unusual-punishment eighth-amendment felony-murder fourteenth-amendment juvenile-sentencing mandatory-minimums mandatory-sentencing miller-graham-precedent Does the mandatory sentencing provision for the offense of felony murder under Ohio Revised Code § 2929.02(B)(1) violate the Eighth and Fourteenth Ame…
18-5153 Arthur Wayne Kniffley v. United States Sixth Circuit 2018-07-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP ball-v-united-states blockburger-test child-pornography criminal-conviction double-jeopardy double-jeopardy,child-pornography,fifth-amendment, double-jeopardy,fifth-amendment,child-pornography, fifth-amendment mandatory-life-sentence mandatory-sentencing sentencing-discretion Whether a conviction for producing child pornography violates the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment because the defendant was previously c…