force-clause
79 cases — ← All topics
| Case | Title | Lower Court | Docketed | Status | Flags | Tags | Question Presented |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24-6584 | Colton Bagola v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2025-02-18 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | circuit-split crime-of-violence federal-law first-degree-murder force-clause statutory-interpretation | Whether first-degree murder under 18 U.S.C. § 1 qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under the force clause in 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 24-6143 | Gustavo Navaro v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2024-12-13 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | aiding-and-abetting carjacking categorical-analysis criminal-procedure force-clause statutory-elements | Whether Circuits have failed to apply categorical analysis to aiding and abetting's distinct elements under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)'s force clause an… |
| 24-6141 | Martin Garcia v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2024-12-13 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | aiding-and-abetting categorical-analysis criminal-procedure force-clause hobbs-act statutory-interpretation | Whether Circuits have improperly applied categorical analysis to aiding and abetting's elements under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)'s force clause and misi… |
| 24-5768 | James H. Roane v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2024-10-16 | Denied | IFP | categorical-approach criminal-statute force-clause racketeering-enterprise VICAR-statute violent-force | When a § 924(c) conviction is predicated on a VICAR offense, must a reviewing court apply the categorical approach to the state or federal statute und… |
| 24-5040 | Juan Alberto Ortiz-Orellana v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2024-07-10 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | attempted use but can be committed by accidental means or by fa has as an element the use or threatened use of physical force bodily-injury crime-of-violence felony-murder force-clause mens-rea modified-categorical-approach physical-force premeditated-murder use-of-force | Whether a crime that requires proof of bodily injury or death, but can be committed by accidental means or by failing to take action, has as an elemen… |
| 23-7836 | Thomas Joseph Brewer v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2024-07-01 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c criminal-law criminal-statute federal-criminal-law force-clause sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether federal voluntary manslaughter in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1112(a) qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under the force clause in 18 U.S.C. § 92… |
| 23-7797 | Nicholas Brodigan v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2024-06-25 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c3a aiding-and-abetting categorical-analysis criminal-liability force-clause hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery statutory-elements | Whether Circuits have failed to apply categorical analysis to aiding and abetting and Hobbs Act robbery's distinct elements, which do not meet the req… |
| 23A1138 | Mark Jordan v. United States | Third Circuit | 2024-06-21 | Presumed Complete | criminal-statute divisibility force-clause mens-rea section-924(c) sentencing-guidelines | Whether a general intent crime under 18 U.S.C. 2113(a) satisfies the force clause definition of a 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. 924(c)(3)(A) | |
| 23-7439 | Basil Loud Hawk v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2024-05-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | criminal-law criminal-statute federal-crimes federal-criminal-law force-clause sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-crime violent-crimes | Whether federal second-degree murder in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1(a) qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under the force clause in 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(… |
| 23-6514 | Tiffany Janis v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2024-01-18 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1 18-usc-924 criminal-law criminal-procedure federal-criminal-law federal-murder-statute force-clause sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether federal second-degree murder in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1(a) qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under the force clause in 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(… |
| 23A516 | Ronald D. Houston, aka Hassan Blue, aka Ron Reezy v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2023-12-07 | Presumed Complete | borden-precedent crime-of-violence eighth-circuit force-clause resisting-arrest sentencing-guidelines | Whether a state law criminalizing resisting arrest constitutes a 'crime of violence' under the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when the statute encompasses… | |
| 23-5439 | Steven Huffman v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2023-08-25 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act borden-v-united-states circuit-conflict circuit-split force-clause marks-rule marks-v-united-states mental-state reckless-assault violent-felony | Whether knowing conduct not intentionally designed to harm a targeted person satisfies the force clause definition of violent felony in 924(e)(2)(B)(1… |
| 23-5309 | Jerome Stanley Carlos, Jr. v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2023-08-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | appeals certificate-of-appealability circuit-court-review criminal-law criminal-statute due-process force-clause habeas-corpus sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation | Whether the Ninth Circuit erred in holding that 18 U.S.C. § 113(a)(3) is a 'crime of violence' under the 'force clause' of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3) |
| 22-7527 | Adam Garcia v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2023-05-11 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | criminal-law due-process federal-criminal-statute federal-jurisdiction force-clause predicate-offense sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery can serve as the underlying felony for a 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) conviction |
| 22-6306 | Marion Joseph Hare v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2022-12-14 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | affirmative-force borden-v-united-states causation-of-injury circuit-split criminal-statute force-clause sentencing-guideline sentencing-guidelines violent-force | Whether a statute that only requires causation-of-injury and not the affirmative application of force satisfies the violent-force requirement? |
| 22-5538 | Kepa Maumau v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2022-09-08 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | categorical-approach circuit-split crime-of-violence force-clause hobbs-act intangible-property statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery categorically qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 22-5535 | Eric Kamahele v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2022-09-08 | GVR | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | categorical-approach circuit-split crime-of-violence force-clause hobbs-act intangible-property pattern-jury-instructions united-states-v-taylor | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is categorically a 'crime of violence' under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 21-6991 | Lloyd George Kenney v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2022-01-27 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act california-penal-code-207 categorical-analysis criminal-statute divisibility force-clause implicit-threat-of-arrest kidnapping violent-felony | Whether California's simple kidnapping offense as it existed in 1974 was a 'violent felony' under the 'force clause' definition of 'violent felony' fo… |
| 21-6946 | Gregory Lozado v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2022-01-24 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | borden-decision circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law felony-menacing force-clause general-intent guidelines guidelines-interpretation sentencing | Does Colorado felony menacing qualify as a crime of violence under the Guidelines force clause after Borden v. United States? |
| 21-5984 | Zacharia Allen Clark v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2021-10-15 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act causation-of-injury circuit-split criminal-statute failure-to-act force-clause statutory-interpretation violent-force | Whether a statute that only requires causation-of-injury and not the affirmative application of force satisfies the violent force requirement of the A… |
| 21-5644 | Michael Hall v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-09-10 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-924c3a actus-reus aiding-and-abetting categorical-analysis criminal-statute force-clause hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery sentencing-enhancement violent-physical-force | Whether aiding and abetting Hobbs Act robbery does not require the use, attempted use, or threatened use of violent physical force under 18 U.S.C. § 9… |
| 21-297 | Travis Croft v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2021-08-30 | Denied | Response Waived | armed-career-criminal-act carjacking categorical-approach force-clause fourth-circuit intimidation south-carolina statutory-interpretation | Whether the Fourth Circuit erred in concluding that a conviction for South Carolina carjacking is categorically a crime of violence under the Armed Ca… |
| 20-7750 | Kepa Maumau v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2021-04-14 | GVR | IFP | 18-usc-924c crime-of-violence due-process force-clause hobbs-act jury-instructions reckless reckless-conduct | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is categorically a 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)'s 'force clause' |
| 20-7749 | Eric Kamahele v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2021-04-14 | GVR | IFP | 18-usc-924c crime-of-violence due-process force-clause hobbs-act intangible-property reckless reckless-conduct statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is categorically a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)'s force clause |
| 20-7609 | Raynal King and Howard R. Ross, III v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2021-03-31 | GVR | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924c3a criminal-law criminal-statute elements-clause force-clause mens-rea physical-force statutory-interpretation use-of-force | Whether a crime that requires a resulting death categorically includes, as an element, 'the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force ag… |
| 20-7417 | Allen Pace, III v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-11 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-rights statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7413 | Zelos Fields v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-10 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | 'bank-robbery' 'crime-of-violence' 'force-clause' 'hobbs-act' 'sentencing-enhancement' 'statutory-interpretation' criminal-law federal-jurisdiction force-clause property-rights statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7412 | Anthony W. Gardner v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law federal-statutes force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-crimes statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7402 | Sylas Glenn Brownridge v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924(c)(3)(A) categorical-approach crime-of-violence force-clause hobbs-act physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7393 | Edward Coleman, aka Keith, aka Tiny Keith v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-rights statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7382 | Calvin Thomas v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-09 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | 'bank-robbery' 'crime-of-violence' 'force-clause' 'hobbs-act' 'sentencing-enhancement' 'statutory-interpretation' criminal-law federal-jurisdiction force-clause property-rights statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7383 | Jorge Zamora-Suarez, aka Pedro Moncada v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924(c)(3)(A) categorical-approach crime-of-violence force-clause hobbs-act physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7348 | Anthony Ray Ybarra v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2021-03-05 | Denied | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split force-clause mens-rea physical-force violent-felony | Does a criminal offense without mens rea qualify as a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act? |
| 20-6582 | Curtis Ward v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2020-12-09 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924(c) bank-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence federal-armed-bank-robbery force-clause mandatory-sentencing statutory-interpretation | Does federal armed bank robbery qualify as a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)? |
| 20-6284 | D'Angelo Domingo Davis, aka D'Angelo Dominico Davis, aka Deangelo Domingo Davis v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2020-11-12 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924(c) bank-robbery carter-v-united-states circuit-precedent crime-of-violence criminal-intent federal-bank-robbery force-clause statutory-interpretation | Is federal bank robbery a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 20-6272 | Domonic Devarrise Usher v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2020-11-10 | Rehearing | Relisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924(c)(3)(a) circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act johnson-v-united-states sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-6143 | Saul Mangual-Corchado v. United States | First Circuit | 2020-10-28 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | carjacking-statute civil-rights crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process force-clause johnson-standard residual-clause sentencing statutory-interpretation vagueness vagueness-doctrine | Whether the federal carjacking offense constitutes a 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 20-5993 | Keith A. James v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-10-13 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach force-clause impersonation intimidation physical-force subjective-intimidation violent-felony | Does a prior offense categorically qualify as a violent felony under ACCA's force clause if it only requires a use of 'intimidation' that can be satis… |
| 20-5672 | David Kareem Turpin v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2020-09-11 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924c3a crime-of-violence criminal-law federal-courts force-clause hobbs-act sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery, which can be committed by putting another in fear of future injury to himself, his property, or even his intangible propert… |
| 20-5075 | Jorge Hiram Baez-Martinez v. United States | First Circuit | 2020-07-15 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach circuit-split depraved-heart force-clause mens-rea recklessness violent-felony | Whether crimes that may be committed recklessly with a depraved heart mens rea can qualify as a 'violent felony' under the Armed Career Criminal Act |
| 19-1282 | Avery Terry v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2020-05-12 | Denied | Response Waived | 18-usc-924c appeal-waiver constitutional-vagueness crime-of-violence criminal-procedure criminal-procedure-appeal-waiver due-process force-clause hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery residual-clause sentencing statutory-interpretation unconstitutional-vagueness vagueness-doctrine violent-crime | Whether the court of appeals erred in dismissing the appeal pursuant to an invalid appeal waiver |
| 19-7764 | Michael Tyrone Simpson v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2020-02-25 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (4)IFP | 18-usc-924(c) bank-robbery carter-v-united-states crime-of-violence criminal-intent federal-bank-robbery force-clause general-intent-crime sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation void-for-vagueness | Is federal bank robbery a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 19-7661 | Redinel Dervishaj, aka Redi, aka Red v. United States | Second Circuit | 2020-02-19 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 924(c)(3)(A) appellate-review crime-of-violence extortion federal-criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act physical-threat second-circuit title-18 title-18-924(c)(3)(a) | Whether the Second Circuit Court of Appeals erred in determining that the underlying offense of Hobbs Act extortion, threatening physical violence in … |
| 19-7569 | Stanley Noel Ames v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2020-02-05 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3)IFP | 18-usc-924(c) 18-usc-924c bank-robbery carter-v-united-states crime-of-violence criminal-law-procedure federal-bank-robbery force-clause general-intent intent sentencing-standard specific-intent | Did the Ninth Circuit err in holding that federal bank robbery is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 19-7382 | Tyrone Jemane Johnson v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-01-23 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | aggravated-assault criminal-law federal-jurisdiction force-clause mens-rea sentencing-guidelines uniformity | Whether a generic aggravated assault requires a mens rea greater than mere recklessness |
| 19-7003 | Quintin Wright v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2019-12-18 | Denied | IFP | alternative-means arkansas-law armed-career-criminal-act criminal-statute domestic-battering force-clause property-damage serious-physical-injury terroristic-threatening violent-felony | Whether a conviction under Arkansas's terroristic threatening in the first degree statute qualifies as a violent felony under the Armed Career Crimina… |
| 19-6707 | Ricky Lee Tyndall v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2019-11-21 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process element-of-force federal-criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-damage property-rights sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation vagueness | Whether 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)'s force clause is unconstitutionally vague due to the inclusion of 'physical force against property' as a basis for a… |
| 19-6706 | Ramsin Jonathan Malek v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-11-20 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law federal-bank-robbery federal-crimes federal-criminal-procedure force-clause ninth-circuit sentencing statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether this Court should grant certiorari to review the Ninth Circuit's decision because armed robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(d) does not categorical… |
| 19-6633 | Adrian Ausberry v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2019-11-14 | GVR | Relisted (3)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split crime-of-violence force-clause mens-rea recklessness u.s.s.g.-§-4b1.2(a) u.s.s.g.-4b1.2(a) violent-felony | Does an offense that can be committed with a mens rea of recklessness qualify as a crime of violence under the identical force clauses in U.S.S.G. § 4… |
| 19-6623 | Mario Denane Fultz v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-11-13 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | intentional physical force or by intimidation' to include the use of violent criminal-law criminal-statutes federal-crimes federal-criminal-statutes federal-robbery-statutes force force-clause force-definition intentional-force legislative-intent physical-force statutory-construction statutory-interpretation violence violent-crime | Whether Congress intended the phrase 'by force and violence, or by intimidation' that appears in multiple federal criminal statutes to include the use… |
| 19-5772 | Sergio Saldivar Gutierrez v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-08-30 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act assault-statute california-penal-code conscious-disregard-of-risk criminal-intent force-clause general-intent physical-force specific-intent statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether an offense that does not require, at a minimum, a conscious disregard of a risk of harm, lacks an element of the 'use of physical force agains… |
| 19-5652 | Anthony Wayne Bettcher v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2019-08-21 | GVR | Relisted (4)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act career-offender-guideline circuit-split force-clause reckless-conduct sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether reckless crimes qualify categorically as crimes of violence under the force clause of these statutes and guidelines |
| 19-5647 | Kenneth Randale Door v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-08-20 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | aiding-and-abetting crimes-of-violence criminal-statutory-provisions force-clause sentencing-guidelines state-criminal-offenses statutory-interpretation statutory-provisions substantive-criminal-offenses washington | Whether a state aiding and abetting statute that is broader than generic aiding and abetting and incorporated within the state's substantive criminal … |
| 19-5629 | Al-Malik Fruitkwan Shabazz v. United States | Second Circuit | 2019-08-20 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act armed-career-criminal-act-1984 categorical-approach connecticut-general-statutes-53a-133 connecticut-robbery florida-robbery force-clause resentencing sentencing statutory-interpretation stokeling-v-united-states stokeling-vs-united-states supervised-release violent-felony | Whether robbery under Connecticut General Statutes § 53a-133 categorically qualifies as a 'violent felony' under the force clause of the Armed Career … |
| 19-5268 | Thomas Bois v. United States | First Circuit | 2019-07-22 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | assault-with-dangerous-weapon crime-of-violence enumerated-offenses federal-sentencing force-clause massachusetts-assault massachusetts-assault-with-dangerous-weapon massachusetts-law sentence-enhancement sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether a prior conviction for Massachusetts Assault with a Dangerous Weapon qualifies as a crime of violence for sentence enhancement purposes under … |
| 19-5134 | Kouwanii Brunstorff v. United States | Second Circuit | 2019-07-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act assault attempt attempt-crime force-clause new-york physical-force second-circuit second-degree statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Is an attempt to commit a categorically violent felony, in this case, assault in the second degree in New York, categorically violent under the force … |
| 19-5124 | Arthur Durham v. United States | First Circuit | 2019-07-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process economic-harm federal-sentencing force-clause hobbs-act johnson-v-united-states retroactivity statutory-interpretation violent-crime welch-v-united-states | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is categorically a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 19-5111 | Avery Blodgett v. United States | First Circuit | 2019-07-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-U.S.C.-§2113 18-U.S.C.-§924(c)(3) 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924c3 crime-of-violence federal-bank-robbery force-clause johnson-precedent johnson-v-united-states retroactivity statutory-interpretation welch-v-united-states | Whether federal bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. §2113 is a categorical crime-of-violence under the force-clause of 18-U.S.C.-§924(c)(3) |
| 19-5107 | James C. Karahalios, Jr. v. United States | First Circuit | 2019-07-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924(c)(3) 18-usc-924c3 bank-robbery categorical crime-of-violence federal-bank-robbery force-clause johnson-v-united-states pharmacy-robbery statutory-interpretation welch-v-united-states | Whether federal bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. §2113 is a categorical 'crime of violence' under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. §924(c)(3) |
| 18A1277 | Anthony Wayne Bettcher v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2019-06-06 | Presumed Complete | circuit-split crime-of-violence force-clause mens-rea reckless-offense sentencing-guidelines | Whether reckless offenses categorically qualify as 'crimes of violence' under the force clause of federal sentencing guidelines and criminal statutes | |
| 18-9327 | Aceshunn Brown v. United States | Second Circuit | 2019-05-17 | Denied | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act attempt force-clause new-york-law new-york-penal-law second-degree-robbery violent-felony | Whether an attempt to commit a violent felony is a violent felony under the ACCA force clause |
| 18-8528 | Willie Robertson, Jr. v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-03-22 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act force-clause state-robbery state-robbery-offense statutory-interpretation victim-resistance violent-felony | Is a state robbery offense that includes 'as an element' the common law requirement of overcoming 'victim resistance' categorically a 'violent felony'… |
| 18-7883 | Daniel Arthur Carter v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-02-11 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-2113(a) 18-usc-924(c) armed-bank-robbery bank-robbery crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause force-clause general-intent intent intimidation retroactivity sentencing | Whether federal armed bank robbery by intimidation is a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A) |
| 18-7663 | Randy Jason Ford v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2019-01-30 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act assault dangerous-weapon display-of-weapon force-clause iowa-law predicate-offense statutory-interpretation threatened-use-of-force | Whether an Iowa 'assault' accompanied only by the 'display' of a dangerous weapon satisfies the 'force clause' to qualify as a predicate offense under… |
| 18-7387 | James Dennis Lenihan, III v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-01-14 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c 18-usc-924c3a carjacking crime-of-violence criminal-law federal-jurisdiction federal-offense force-clause statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether the federal offense of carjacking, as defined by 18 U.S.C. § 2119, categorically qualifies as a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(… |
| 18-7232 | Arthur Sanchez v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2019-01-04 | Denied | IFP | aggravated-assault aggravated-battery armed-career-criminal-act elements-clause force force-clause johnson-definition mens-rea physical-force state-appellate-courts state-robbery victim-resistance violent-felony | Whether a state robbery offense that includes overcoming victim resistance by use of force is a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act's e… |
| 18-7176 | Jose A. Garcia-Ortiz v. United States | First Circuit | 2018-12-27 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c3a circuit-split crime-of-violence federal-criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery intangible-property pattern-jury-instructions statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery can be a categorical 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) when pattern jury instructions extend it to causing … |
| 18-6972 | Manuel Pereira-Gomez v. United States | Second Circuit | 2018-12-11 | Denied | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause force-clause physical-force robbery sentencing sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether the New York State offense of robbery is a 'crime of violence' |
| 18-6993 | Jamie Todd Bjerke v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2018-12-11 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | court-of-appeals criminal-law force-clause gvr-order light-resistance petition-for-writ-of-certiorari predicate-conviction predicate-offense procedural-thesis robbery sentencing-determinations sentencing-guidelines state-robbery-offense statutory-interpretation substantive-thesis united-states-sentencing-guidelines | Whether a state robbery offense that permits a conviction for use of force sufficient to overcome light resistance qualifies as a predicate conviction… |
| 18-6859 | James Myers v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2018-11-28 | GVR | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act criminal-law criminal-sentencing divisibility enumerated-offenses force-clause mathis-principles mathis-v-united-states statutory-divisibility statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether the principles regarding a statute's divisibility announced in Mathis v. United States apply to offenses analyzed under the 'force clause' and… |
| 18-6346 | Mark A. Dubarry v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2018-10-16 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1951(b) 18-usc-924(c)(3)(a) 18-usc-924c circuit-split crime-of-violence economic-harm federal-criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act robbery sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is categorically a 'crime of violence' under the 'force clause' of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 18-6303 | Jeffrey Joseph Pendleton v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2018-10-12 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 5th-amendment armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split criminal-law due-process federal-criminal-law fifth-amendment force-clause sentencing statutory-interpretation void-for-vagueness | Is the Force Clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) invalid under the Fifth Amendment void-for-vagueness doctrine? |
| 18-6269 | Matthew Clayton Lloyd v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2018-10-10 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924(c) armed-bank-robbery bank-robbery crime-of-violence extortion force-clause intimidation johnson-ruling johnson-v-united-states physical-force sentencing-review weapon-enhancement | Is federal bank robbery a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 18-6257 | Edward Dean McCranie v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2018-10-09 | Denied | IFP | career-offender colorado-robbery common-law common-law-robbery crime-of-violence force force-clause generic-robbery sentencing-guidelines stokeling-v-united-states tenth-circuit violence | Is Colorado robbery, which follows the common-law definition of the amount of force required, a crime of violence for purposes of the career-offender … |
| 18-5940 | Moises Perez v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2018-09-12 | Denied | Relisted (4)IFP | appellate-interpretation armed-career-criminal-act common-law-resistance force-clause resistance state-appellate-courts state-robbery state-robbery-offense violent-felony | Whether a state robbery offense that includes as an element the common law requirement of overcoming resistance' is categorically a 'violent felony' u… |
| 18-5238 | Hassanh Bey Wright, aka Hassanh Bay Wright v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2018-07-16 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | crime-of-violence criminal-history criminal-law culpable-negligence force-clause intent mens-rea residual-clause sentencing-guidelines supervised-release | Whether a crime with a mens rea of culpable negligence meets the definition of a 'crime of violence' under either the force clause or the residual cla… |
| 18-5107 | Willard Quinn v. United States | Seventh Circuit | 2018-07-06 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | bodily-injury crime-of-violence criminal-law force-clause injury sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation statutory-requirement violent-force | Whether the force clause of the Sentencing Guidelines' definition of 'crime of violence' can be satisfied by a statutory requirement that a defendant'… |
| 18-5083 | Rahman Fulton v. United States | Third Circuit | 2018-07-02 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 18-usc-924c bank-robbery crime-of-violence criminal-procedure due-process extortion force-clause mathis-v-united-states mens-rea residual-clause statutory-interpretation | Whether the federal bank robbery statute requires a knowing or intentional mens rea, and whether the 'force' clause of 18 U.S.C. 924(c)(3)(A) applies … |
| 18-5022 | Marcus Kalani Watson, aka Kiki Seui, and Rogussia Eddie Allen Danielson v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2018-06-28 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act bank-robbery criminal-procedure federal-bank-robbery force-clause sentencing-enhancement slight-force statutory-interpretation stokeling-v-united-states united-states | Whether federal bank robbery that requires only slight force is covered by the force clause of 18 U.S.C. §924(c)(3)(A) |