physical-force
123 cases — ← All topics
| Case | Title | Lower Court | Docketed | Status | Flags | Tags | Question Presented |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24-6703 | Lewis Mobley v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2025-03-05 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | bodily-injury crime-of-violence criminal-statute physical-force statutory-interpretation VICAR | Whether a crime that requires proof of bodily injury or death, but can be committed by failing to take action, has as an element the use, attempted us… |
| 24-6202 | Kayne Russell Donath v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2024-12-26 | Denied | IFP | acceptance-of-responsibility circuit-split criminal-statute physical-force sentencing-enhancement ussg-guideline | Whether a statute that does not require the affirmative use of force has, as an element, the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force |
| 24-211 | Al Dorsey v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2024-08-27 | Denied | Response Waived | accessory-offense crime-of-violence criminal-career-act physical-force sentencing-guidelines sixth-circuit-interpretation | Whether an accessory offense qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under the United States Sentencing Guidelines when it lacks explicit physical force el… |
| 24-5322 | Richard Tipton v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2024-08-14 | Denied | IFP | categorical-approach circuit-split crime-of-violence mens-rea physical-force predicate-offense | Can a reviewing court substitute a finding of VICAR's purpose clause for the categorical analysis of whether the elements of its predicate state or fe… |
| 24-5314 | Martin L. Hunt and Xavier Greene v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2024-08-13 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | bodily-injury circuit-split crime-of-violence mandatory-consecutive physical-force sentencing | Whether a crime that requires proof of bodily injury or death, but can be committed by failing to take action, has as an element the use, attempted us… |
| 24-5243 | Ryan Taybron, Eric Nixon, and Geovanni Douglas v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2024-08-06 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924c3a bodily-injury circuit-split criminal-statute delligatti-v-united-states omission omission-crime physical-force use-of-force | Whether a crime that requires proof of bodily injury or death, but can be committed by failing to take action, has as an element the use, attempted us… |
| 24-5040 | Juan Alberto Ortiz-Orellana v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2024-07-10 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | attempted use but can be committed by accidental means or by fa has as an element the use or threatened use of physical force bodily-injury crime-of-violence felony-murder force-clause mens-rea modified-categorical-approach physical-force premeditated-murder use-of-force | Whether a crime that requires proof of bodily injury or death, but can be committed by accidental means or by failing to take action, has as an elemen… |
| 24-5013 | Jonathan Feliz v. United States | Second Circuit | 2024-07-08 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | actus-reus bodily-injury criminal-law criminal-statute elements-clause mens-rea omission physical-force use-of-force violent-crime | Whether a crime that requires proof of bodily injury or death, but can be committed by failing to take action, has as an element the use, attempted us… |
| 23-7587 | Jondell Middlebrooks v. United States | Second Circuit | 2024-05-31 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3)IFP | career-offender crime-of-violence guidelines-manual inchoate-offense inchoate-offenses physical-force sentencing-enhancement sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether a crime that requires proof of bodily injury or death, but can be committed by omission, has as an element the use, attempted use, or threaten… |
| 23-7014 | Stanley Ford v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2024-03-18 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924 aiding-and-abetting crime-of-violence elements-clause hobbs-act mandatory-minimum physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery and aiding and abetting Hobbs Act robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a), are categorically crimes of violence under the elements clau… |
| 23-918 | Ranito Allen v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2024-02-26 | Denied | Relisted (2) | 18-usc-924 actus-reus criminal-law federal-criminal-statute mens-rea omission-liability physical-force sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether an offense that can be committed through omission or inaction can qualify as a 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A) |
| 23-6397 | Jaime Rivera v. United States | Second Circuit | 2023-12-29 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 circuit-split criminal-law criminal-procedure federal-statute force physical-force physical-inaction statutory-interpretation | Whether a crime of physical inaction ever 'has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or propert… |
| 23-5377 | Anthony Seides Gaines v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2023-08-17 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924c categorical-approach crime-of-violence elements-clause hobbs-act physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A) |
| 23-5207 | Omar Alfonso Alas v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2023-07-26 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-16a categorical-approach crime-of-violence crimes-of-violence immigration mens-rea physical-force sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether a crime with a mens rea of extreme recklessness has, 'as an element, the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the p… |
| 23-5076 | David Linehan v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2023-07-11 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | attempted-use circuit-split criminal-law criminal-solicitation elements-clause federal-felony interstate-commerce mens-rea physical-force | Whether 'attempted use' in the elements clause means taking a substantial step toward the use of physical force plus the specific intent to use such f… |
| 22-7606 | Yvette Crystal Wade v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2023-05-22 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924 crime-of-violence elements-clause hobbs-act physical-force sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the elements clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A) |
| 22-7458 | Roger Wayne Battle v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2023-05-04 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process murder-by-omission physical-force sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation | Whether murder by omission qualifies as a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 22-7464 | Montez Hall v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2023-05-04 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924(c) circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process murder-by-omission physical-force statutory-interpretation | whether-murder-by-omission-qualifies-as-a-crime-of-violence |
| 22-7079 | Henry Joseph Stevens v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2023-03-23 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act criminal-statute due-process federal-courts physical-force state-law state-law-interpretation statutory-interpretation texas-penal-code violent-felony | Whether the ACCA's demand for certainty constrains a federal court's interpretation of conflicting state-law decisions |
| 22-7045 | John Leendert Oskam v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2023-03-21 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | actus-reus bank-robbery criminal-law criminal-statute intimidation mens-rea physical-force supreme-court-precedent | Does the element of 'intimidation' in the crime of federal bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113 require the use, attempted use, or threatened use of ph… |
| 22-6756 | Wissam Taysir Hammoud v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2023-02-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | attempted-murder civil-rights crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process ninth-circuit-interpretation physical-force sentencing statutory-interpretation supreme-court united-states-v-taylor | Whether, in light of this Court's recent decision in United States v. Taylor, 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A)'s 'crime of violence' definition excludes attem… |
| 22-6072 | Randy Belcher v. United States | Sixth Circuit | 2022-11-16 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act civil-rights criminal-law due-process federal-jurisdiction physical-force sentencing sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether the petitioner's attempted use or threatened use of physical force against the person of another, without the use of physical force, is suffic… |
| 22-5637 | Dwayne Stone v. United States | Second Circuit | 2022-09-21 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 circuit-split criminal-law elements-clause federal-statute force physical-force physical-inaction statutory-interpretation | Whether crimes of physical inaction have 'as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of … |
| 22-5610 | Andre Thompson v. United States | Third Circuit | 2022-09-19 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach civil-rights criminal-law criminal-statute due-process elements-clause physical-force sentencing statutory-interpretation | When applying the categorical approach of 18 U.S.C. §924(c), the elements clause, are courts allowed or required to look to the nature of an offense a… |
| 21-8230 | David Matthews v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2022-06-24 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach civil-rights criminal-law criminal-sentencing divisibility due-process physical-force sentencing statutory-interpretation | Whether Texas simple robbery 'has as an element the ... threatened use of physical force against the person of another' |
| 21-6929 | Rozelle Summerise v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2022-01-20 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-crime sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 21-6625 | Derrick Harrell v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2021-12-15 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | certificate-of-appealability circuit-precedent circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process federal-criminal-procedure hobbs-act physical-force sentencing statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951(b) is a crime of violence |
| 21-6555 | Malik Saunders v. United States | Second Circuit | 2021-12-08 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | circuit-split crimes-of-violence criminal-offenses culpable-omission culpable-omissions injury-or-death intentional-causation physical-force sentencing-guidelines u.s.-sentencing-guidelines | Whether all criminal offenses that require proof of an intentional causation of injury or death, including those which may be committed by way of culp… |
| 21-5891 | Archie Ned Williams v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-10-05 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | accomplice-liability crime-of-violence criminal-law double-jeopardy due-process hobbs-act-robbery physical-force pinkerton-liability section-924c statutory-interpretation | Must the use of physical force required to establish a predicate crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) be personal to the defendant convict… |
| 21-5873 | Justin Douglas Jones v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-10-04 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924(c) certificate-of-appealability crime-of-violence federal-prisoner hobbs-act ninth-circuit physical-force sentencing-enhancement | Should the Ninth Circuit have issued a certificate of appealability on the issue of whether conviction for Hobbs Act robbery qualified as a 'crime of … |
| 21-5457 | Brian Fierro v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-08-24 | Denied | IFP | actus-reus circuit-interpretation criminal-law hobbs-act physical-force plain-language robbery robbery-statute statutory-construction statutory-interpretation violent-physical-force | Whether the Circuits have interpreted the actus reus of Hobbs Act robbery too narrowly and against its plain language by requiring violent physical fo… |
| 21-5461 | Tyrone Felder v. United States | Second Circuit | 2021-08-24 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-924(c)(3)(A) cell-site-evidence crime-of-violence hobbs-act intangible-asset new-york-robbery physical-force property statutory-interpretation | Is Hobbs Act violence a 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)? |
| 21-5319 | John Louis Devencenzi v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-08-06 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | carjacking circuit-split crime-of-violence intimidation mandatory-minimum-sentences physical-force residual-clause statutory-interpretation | Whether the Circuits have interpreted the actus reus of federal carjacking too narrowly by requiring the threat of violent physical force as an elemen… |
| 21-102 | Marcus Walker v. United States | Third Circuit | 2021-07-26 | GVR | Relisted (2) | 18-usc-1951(a) 18-usc-924(c)(1)(A) attempted-hobbs-act-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence federal-criminal-law hobbs-act physical-force sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation | Whether attempted Hobbs Act robbery is a 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A) |
| 20-8285 | Enrique Hurtado v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-06-11 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | bank-robbery crime-of-violence federal-armed-bank-robbery hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery mandatory-minimum mandatory-minimum-sentences physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether the Circuits have interpreted the actus reus of Hobbs Act robbery too narrowly by requiring violent physical force as an element of the offens… |
| 20-7984 | Eddie Lamont Lipscomb v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2021-05-11 | GVR | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split civil-rights due-process physical-contact physical-force robbery texas-penal-code use-of-force violent-felony | Whether Texas simple robbery remains a violent felony |
| 20-7866 | Paul Demetrius Lamar Gray v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-04-27 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | conspiracy crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause physical-force pinkerton-conspiracy pinkerton-liability postal-robbery residual-clause statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether a conviction sustained under a Pinkerton conspiracy theory satisfies the elements clause of the 'crime of violence' definition |
| 20-7778 | Gerald Scott v. United States | Second Circuit | 2021-04-15 | Denied | Amici (1)IFP | circuit-split criminal-law criminal-statute federal-sentencing physical-force physical-inaction rule-of-lenity statutory-interpretation use-of-force | Does a crime of physical inaction, in which the inaction is deemed the cause of injury or death, have as an element the 'use of physical force against… |
| 20-7609 | Raynal King and Howard R. Ross, III v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2021-03-31 | GVR | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924c3a criminal-law criminal-statute elements-clause force-clause mens-rea physical-force statutory-interpretation use-of-force | Whether a crime that requires a resulting death categorically includes, as an element, 'the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force ag… |
| 20-7417 | Allen Pace, III v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-11 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-rights statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7402 | Sylas Glenn Brownridge v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924(c)(3)(A) categorical-approach crime-of-violence force-clause hobbs-act physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7412 | Anthony W. Gardner v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law federal-statutes force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-crimes statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7383 | Jorge Zamora-Suarez, aka Pedro Moncada v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924(c)(3)(A) categorical-approach crime-of-violence force-clause hobbs-act physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 1951 is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7393 | Edward Coleman, aka Keith, aka Tiny Keith v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-rights statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is a crime of violence under the force clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 20-7326 | Tyrone Valentine v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2021-03-05 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc 28-usc-2253 certificate-of-appealability criminal-statute criminal-statutes drunk-driving extreme-indifference physical-force violent-felony | Whether criminal statutes encompassing drunk driving constitute a 'violent felony' under 18 U.S.C. |
| 20-7348 | Anthony Ray Ybarra v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2021-03-05 | Denied | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split force-clause mens-rea physical-force violent-felony | Does a criminal offense without mens rea qualify as a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act? |
| 20-7305 | Larry Daniel Harris v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-03-02 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c3a attempted-hobbs-act-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-statute hobbs-act hobbs-act-robbery negligence physical-force predicate-conviction property-injury statutory-interpretation | whether-a-conviction-for-hobbs-act-robbery-qualifies-as-a-crime-of-violence-under-18-usc-924c3a |
| 20-7280 | Michael Dewayne Vickers v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2021-03-01 | GVR | Relisted (2)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split due-process federal-courts felony-murder physical-force state-court-interpretation statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether a federal court is bound by a state supreme court's interpretation of a statute of conviction for Armed Career Criminal Act purposes |
| 20-1000 | Monico Dominguez v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2021-01-26 | GVR | Relisted (4) | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924(c)(8)(A) attempted-robbery crime-of-violence federal-criminal-law hobbs-act physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether attempted robbery under the Hobbs Act qualifies as a 'crime of violence' |
| 20-6840 | Frederick D. Darrington, Jr. v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2021-01-12 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-924c criminal-law criminal-statute elements-clause intimidation mens-rea physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether a crime that requires proof of 'intimidation' of the victim satisfies the elements clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A), when the offense does n… |
| 20-6756 | David Ray Wallace v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2021-01-04 | Denied | IFP | criminal-law criminal-statute due-process habeas-corpus physical-force reckless-conduct sentencing successive-motion texas-robbery violent-crime | Whether Texas robbery has 'the use of physical force against the person of another' as an element |
| 20-6539 | Alfonso Lopez-Rodriguez v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-12-04 | GVR | Relisted (2)IFP | circuit-split criminal-law federal-sentencing immigration immigration-law physical-force reckless-mental-state sentencing statutory-interpretation supreme-court | Whether a statute has as an element the use of physical force against the person or property of another, for purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 16(a), when a con… |
| 20-6407 | Jonathan Wallace Gomez v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-11-23 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | assault-definition bodily-injury circuit-split criminal-offense generic-definition legal-interpretation physical-force reckless-causation reckless-conduct | Whether a criminal offense defined to include the reckless causation of bodily injury has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of p… |
| 20-6356 | Ryan Dennis v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-11-17 | Denied | IFP | acca criminal-law criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus physical-force reckless-injury residual-clause sentencing sentencing-guidelines subject-matter-jurisdiction | Whether an offense that can be committed by recklessly causing serious injury has 'the use of physical force against the person of another' as an elem… |
| 20-6314 | Jovon Antoine McClures v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2020-11-13 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act drug-offense knowledge-requirement physical-force robbery robbery-offense snatching statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Does a state robbery offense that may be committed through mere snatching qualify as a 'violent felony' under the Armed Career Criminal Act? |
| 20-6137 | Arvester Lamonica Anderson v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2020-10-27 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act drug-offense force knowledge-requirement physical-force robbery robbery-offense snatching statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Does a state robbery offense that may be committed through mere snatching qualify as a 'violent felony' under the Armed Career Criminal Act? |
| 20-5993 | Keith A. James v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-10-13 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach force-clause impersonation intimidation physical-force subjective-intimidation violent-felony | Does a prior offense categorically qualify as a violent felony under ACCA's force clause if it only requires a use of 'intimidation' that can be satis… |
| 20-5643 | Louis Gene Williams v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-09-10 | Denied | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act assault burglary civil-rights due-process leocal physical-force predicate-conviction reckless-causation texas-assault-crimes texas-criminal-law | Whether causing injury is synonymous with the use of physical force |
| 20-5535 | Randy Platt v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2020-08-27 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act career-offender common-law common-law-definition elements-clause physical-force robbery robbery-statute sentencing-guidelines united-states-sentencing-commission | Whether robbery convictions for purposes of the career offender provision of the United States Sentencing Guidelines should be limited to only those t… |
| 20-5172 | Darrell Henry Williams v. Joe Coakley, Warden | Fourth Circuit | 2020-07-24 | Denied | IFP | career-offender criminal-statutes due-process federal-procedure mandatory-minimums physical-force reckless-conduct sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether reckless-conduct-resulting-in-injury satisfies the 'use-of-physical-force' element of the career-offender-sentencing-guideline |
| 19-8741 | Kelly David Ankeny, Sr. v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2020-06-18 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act criminal-sentencing dangerous-weapon force-requirement oregon-robbery physical-force second-degree statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether Oregon Robbery in the Second Degree (Or. Rev. Stat. § 164.405(1)(a)) is a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act |
| 19-8583 | Joseph Emanuel Hechavarria v. William P. Barr, Attorney General | Second Circuit | 2020-06-02 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process immigration immigration-law physical-force removal-proceedings statutory-interpretation | Whether an offense that can be committed by omission rather than affirmative act necessarily entails the 'use' of force within the meaning of 18 U.S.C… |
| 19-1264 | Doncey Frank Boykin v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2020-05-04 | Denied | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split elements-clause minimal-contact physical-force robbery robbery-offense state-law violent-felony | Whether a state law robbery offense that extends to mere snatchings—involving only minimal physical contact with the victim—lacks the requisite degree… | |
| 19-7684 | Jeremy Glenn Powell v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2020-02-18 | GVR | Relisted (2)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act due-process fifth-amendment fifth-circuit physical-force reckless reckless-offenses statutory-interpretation texas-penal-code texas-robbery violent-felony | Whether the Texas offense of simple robbery qualifies as a 'violent felony' under the Armed Career Criminal Act |
| 19-7409 | Melvin Pryor v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2020-01-24 | Denied | Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | 2nd-amendment criminal-law criminal-statute due-process firearm firearm-display physical-force statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Do criminal statutes that prohibit angry or threatening firearm displays not targeted at a specific victim qualify as a 'violent felony' having as an … |
| 19-7320 | Jurden Rogers v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2020-01-17 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (4)IFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924 18-usc-924c3a armed-career-criminal-act bank-robbery bank-robbery-18-usc-2113 circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause intimidation physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether bank robbery (18 U.S.C. § 2113) qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 19-7334 | Edgardo Diaz-Cestary v. United States | First Circuit | 2020-01-17 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 924(c) categorical-approach categorical-qualification criminal-statute elements-clause hobbs-act johnson-i johnson-standard physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether force required to commit Hobbs Act robbery satisfies the physical force standard of Johnson I to categorically qualify the elements clause of … |
| 19-7307 | Julian Moz-Aguilar v. United States | Third Circuit | 2020-01-16 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | categorical-approach conduct-based-inquiry crime-of-violence elements-clause force-requirement johnson-v-united-states modified-categorical-approach physical-force sentencing-court | Whether a sentencing court may consider a defendant's actual conduct in determining if an offense qualifies as a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 9… |
| 19-7123 | Sean Gregory Mitchell v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2020-01-02 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act bodily-injury criminal-sentencing intentional-causation omission physical-force sentencing statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether a criminal statute that prohibits the intentional causation of bodily injury to another 'by any means,' including omissions, is a violent felo… |
| 19-7067 | Michael Baird Jordan v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-12-27 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3)IFP | 18-usc-924(c)(3)(a) armed-bank-robbery bank-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence elements-clause general-intent intent intimidation physical-force specific-intent statutory-interpretation use-of-force | Whether federal armed bank robbery by intimidation is a crime of violence under the elements clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 19-7072 | Tyrone Walker v. United States | Second Circuit | 2019-12-27 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 18-usc-924(c)(3)(a) actual-or-threatened-force crime-of-violence criminal-law federal-jurisdiction hobbs-act physical-force property-crime property-rights sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation stokeling-v-united-states | Whether the substantive offense of Hobbs Act robbery is categorically a 'crime of violence' for purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 19-6979 | Joassaint Josiah Aristil v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-12-18 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3)IFP | 18-usc-2119 18-usc-924(c)(3)(A) carjacking categorical-approach criminal-law federal-statute force intent intimidation physical-force sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation | Whether carjacking in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2119 requires an element of 'the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the pe… |
| 19-7006 | Alvin Andrae Drummond v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2019-12-18 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 4th-amendment armed-career-criminal-act criminal-sentencing misdemeanor-crime-of-violence physical-force predicate-offense probable-cause search-warrant statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether a misdemeanor crime of violence, not aggravated by any additional force, can properly meet the elements of an Armed Career Criminal Act predic… |
| 19-6793 | Quentin Herndon v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2019-12-02 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | crime-of-violence criminal-law criminal-statute federal-court federal-courts physical-force sentencing-guidelines state-court state-court-interpretation state-courts statutory-interpretation USSG-4B1.2(a) | Whether a federal court must defer to a state court's interpretation of the elements of a state criminal statute to determine if that offense requires… |
| 19-6752 | Jemone Lawrence Walker v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-11-25 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act constitutional-vagueness curtis-johnson curtis-johnson-v-united-states elements-clause physical-force samuel-johnson-v-united-states sentencing-enhancement stokeling stokeling-v-united-states violent-felony | Whether the Armed Career Criminal Act's elements clause is unconstitutionally vague |
| 19-6707 | Ricky Lee Tyndall v. United States | Fourth Circuit | 2019-11-21 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process element-of-force federal-criminal-law force-clause hobbs-act physical-force property-damage property-rights sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation vagueness | Whether 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A)'s force clause is unconstitutionally vague due to the inclusion of 'physical force against property' as a basis for a… |
| 19-6653 | Quinton Omar Jackson v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-11-18 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | criminal-law criminal-statutes federal-criminal-law force force-and-violence intimidation legislative-intent mens-rea physical-force statutory-interpretation violence | Whether Congress intended the phrase 'by force and violence, or by intimidation,' that appears in multiple federal criminal statutes to include the us… |
| 19-6623 | Mario Denane Fultz v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-11-13 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | intentional physical force or by intimidation' to include the use of violent criminal-law criminal-statutes federal-crimes federal-criminal-statutes federal-robbery-statutes force force-clause force-definition intentional-force legislative-intent physical-force statutory-construction statutory-interpretation violence violent-crime | Whether Congress intended the phrase 'by force and violence, or by intimidation' that appears in multiple federal criminal statutes to include the use… |
| 19-6354 | Brent Delvalen Blake v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-10-23 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (3)IFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924c bank-robbery categorical-approach certificate-of-appealability crime-of-violence criminal-statute elements-clause federal-armed-bank-robbery intent physical-force vagueness vagueness-doctrine violent-crime | Can reasonable jurists debate whether federal armed bank robbery by intimidation is not a crime of violence under the elements clause of 18 U.S.C. § 9… |
| 19-6308 | Ronald Detro Winder v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2019-10-18 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | acca armed-career-criminal-act crime-of-violence curtis-johnson elements-clause injury injury-definition physical-force sentencing-guidelines | Whether a state offense that includes as an element causing injury, but which also defines 'injury' broadly to include more than the 'physical pain or… |
| 19-6279 | Fernando Sanchez, Jr. v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-10-17 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act bodily-injury circuit-split criminal-law due-process physical-force united-states-v-castleman violent-felony | Whether the causation of physical injury or death necessarily requires the use of violent force |
| 19-6186 | Latroy Leon Burris v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2019-10-07 | GVR | Relisted (4)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split fair-warning physical-force reckless-injury statutory-interpretation | Does recklessly causing another person to suffer injury necessarily involve the 'use of physical force against' that person for purposes of the Armed … |
| 19-6128 | Bacari McCarthren v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-10-02 | Denied | Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | aggravated-battery categorical-approach crime-of-violence deadly-weapon descamps descamps-v-united-states mathis physical-force sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation turner | Whether the Florida crime of aggravated battery with a deadly weapon categorically requires the use, threatened use, or attempted use of physical forc… |
| 19-6108 | Corey Kidd v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2019-10-01 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-924 aiding-and-abetting controlled-substances crime-of-violence criminal-law physical-force robbery statutory-interpretation | Whether aiding and abetting robbery of controlled substances qualifies as a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A) |
| 19-5908 | Howard Leon Combs v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2019-09-11 | GVR | Relisted (4)IFP | acca-elements-clause armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split criminal-law elements-clause physical-force reckless-offense reckless-offenses shular-v-united-states statutory-interpretation texas-aggravated-assault violent-crime | Whether Texas aggravated assault involving reckless driving, virus transmission, or flashing strobe images constitutes 'the use, attempted use, or thr… |
| 19-292 | Roxanne Torres v. Janice Madrid, et al. | Tenth Circuit | 2019-09-04 | Judgment Issued | Amici (13)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) | apprehension circuit-split civil-rights constitutional-law detention excessive-force fourth-amendment physical-force police-force seizure | Is an unsuccessful attempt to detain a suspect by use of physical force a 'seizure' within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment? |
| 19-5777 | Donielle Rashi Ross v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2019-09-03 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | criminal-law domestic-violence legal-precedent mens-rea misdemeanor-crime physical-force recklessness recklessness-standard second-amendment statutory-interpretation supreme-court supreme-court-interpretation use-of-force voisine-v-united-states | Whether this Court's holding in Voisine v. United States extends beyond the definition of 'misdemeanor crime of violence' |
| 19-5772 | Sergio Saldivar Gutierrez v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-08-30 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act assault-statute california-penal-code conscious-disregard-of-risk criminal-intent force-clause general-intent physical-force specific-intent statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether an offense that does not require, at a minimum, a conscious disregard of a risk of harm, lacks an element of the 'use of physical force agains… |
| 19-5236 | Seab Nolen v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2019-07-19 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | apprehension-of-physical-injury armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach criminal-law criminal-statute immediate-physical-injury physical-force possession-of-weapon sentencing-enhancement violent-felony weapon-possession | Is a prior conviction that includes as an element the possession of a weapon categorically a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act? |
| 19-5172 | Jesus Hilario-Bello v. United States | Second Circuit | 2019-07-15 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c crime-of-violence due-process economic-loss fair-trial hobbs-act intangible-asset judicial-intervention physical-force statutory-interpretation | Whether Hobbs Act robbery is not a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. §924(c) because it can be committed without using physical force, by causing the … |
| 19-5134 | Kouwanii Brunstorff v. United States | Second Circuit | 2019-07-10 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act assault attempt attempt-crime force-clause new-york physical-force second-circuit second-degree statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Is an attempt to commit a categorically violent felony, in this case, assault in the second degree in New York, categorically violent under the force … |
| 19-5078 | Jamie Neil Capalbo v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-07-05 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split criminal-offense elements-clause mens-rea physical-force reckless-mens-rea statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether a criminal offense with a reckless mens rea qualifies as a 'violent felony' under the elements clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act |
| 19-5085 | Darren L. Lee v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-07-05 | Denied | Relisted (2)IFP | criminal-procedure divisible-offense federal-sentencing full-faith-and-credit modified-categorical-approach physical-force plea-bargain sentencing shepard-documents united-states-v-horse-looking violent-felony | Where a divisible offense may be committed two ways, one of which satisfies the 'violent felony' element of physical force, and one of which does not,… |
| 19-5089 | Clifford B. Gandy, Jr. v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-07-05 | Denied | IFP | categorical-approach crime-of-violence divisible-offense divisible-statute modified-categorical-approach nolo-contendere physical-force plea-bargaining sentencing-guidelines shepard-documents | Where a divisible offense may be committed two ways, one of which satisfies the 'crime of violence' element of physical force, and one of which does n… |
| 19-5063 | Jose Thomas Barriera-Vera v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-07-03 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924 18-usc-924(c)(3)(a) armed-bank-robbery armed-robbery attempted-armed-robbery attempted-crime criminal-law criminal-statute person-or-property physical-force statutory-interpretation violent-crime | Whether attempted armed bank robbery (18 U.S.C. § 2113) has as an element 'the use .. . of physical force against the person or property of another,' … |
| 19-5070 | Carlos Lamar Mitchell v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-07-03 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924c3a bank-robbery bank-robbery-18-usc-2113 criminal-law criminal-statute demand-note intimidation physical-force physical-force-18-usc-924c3a sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation use-of-force | Whether bank robbery (18 U.S.C. § 2113) has as an element 'the use...of physical force against the person or property of another,' under 18 U.S.C. § 9… |
| 18-9467 | Koran McKinley Allen v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-05-29 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-2113a-d 18-usc-924 18-usc-924c3a bank-robbery categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause federal-bank-robbery physical-force sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Can federal bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) and (d) be a crime of violence under the elements clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) or U.S.S.G. § … |
| 18-9425 | Kevin Contreras v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2019-05-24 | GVR | IFP | 18-usc-924(a) aggravated-assault criminal-law criminal-liability due-process equal-protection generic-offense interstate-movement physical-force recklessness sentencing statutory-interpretation use-of-physical-force vagueness voisine-v-united-states | Whether the Texas offense of aggravated assault is equivalent to the 'generic' form of that offense? |
| 18-9248 | Preston Phillips v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2019-05-14 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act armed-criminal-act categorical-approach criminal-offense indirect-force omission physical-force statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether an offense committed by indirect force, or by 'any means' like an omission, qualifies as a 'violent felony' under the Armed Careener Criminal … |
| 18-8931 | Tajie Coleman v. United States | Second Circuit | 2019-04-22 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split criminal-law due-process elements-clause new-york-state-law physical-force robbery statutory-interpretation | Whether the New York State offense of robbery satisfies the elements clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act |
| 18-8830 | Julio Cesar De La Rosa v. United States | Fifth Circuit | 2019-04-15 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | criminal-law due-process firearms mens-rea misdemeanor-crime-of-violence physical-force statutory-interpretation voisine-v-united-states | Whether recklessness is consistent with the 'use of physical force' |
| 18-8738 | Noe Machado-Erazo and Jose Martinez-Amaya v. United States | District of Columbia | 2019-04-09 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | circuit-split criminal-law criminal-law-procedure criminal-procedure due-process harmless-error jury-trial physical-force sixth-amendment statutory-interpretation | Whether an act of omission can constitute the 'use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force' under 18 U.S.C. §924(c)(8)(A) |
| 18-8445 | Tommy McAdoo v. United States | Ninth Circuit | 2019-03-19 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | bank-robbery career-offender categorical-approach circuit-split civil-rights crime-of-violence criminal-law due-process federal-bank-robbery federal-statute intimidation physical-force sentencing violent-physical-force | Should this Court accept review to resolve the conflicting 'intimidation' interpretations the Circuits have given the federal bank robbery statute? |
| 18-8406 | Demone Rule v. United States | Seventh Circuit | 2019-03-15 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act attempt-offense attempted-offense categorical-approach elements-clause illinois-law physical-force sentencing-enhancement substantial-step violent-felony | Whether an Illinois attempt offense that does not require the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property o… |
| 18-7621 | Jacoby Burns v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-01-31 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act career-offender categorical-analysis criminal-law elements-clause physical-force sentencing sentencing-guideline sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Does a conviction under Georgia's felony obstruction-of-an-officer statute qualify as a 'crime of violence' or 'violent felony'? |
| 18-7470 | Carl Lee Williams v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2019-01-17 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-2119 18-usc-924(c) 18-usc-924c carjacking categorical-approach crimes-of-violence criminal-law federal-carjacking intimidation physical-force residual-clause sessions-v-dimaya statutory-interpretation stokeling-v-united-states vagueness vagueness-doctrine | Whether federal carjacking by way of intimidation is a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(8)(A)'s force clause |
| 18-7232 | Arthur Sanchez v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2019-01-04 | Denied | IFP | aggravated-assault aggravated-battery armed-career-criminal-act elements-clause force force-clause johnson-definition mens-rea physical-force state-appellate-courts state-robbery victim-resistance violent-felony | Whether a state robbery offense that includes overcoming victim resistance by use of force is a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act's e… |
| 18-7233 | Hosea Latron Swopes v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2019-01-04 | Denied | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act assault circuit-split intent physical-force statutory-interpretation threat violent-felony weapon-exhibition | Whether a statute prohibiting an angry exhibition of a weapon in the presence of another without requiring that the perpetrator direct or intend to di… |
| 18-7192 | Lavell Phillips v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2018-12-28 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act attempted-first-degree-murder attempted-murder attempted-use-of-force criminal-statute elements-clause first-degree-murder physical-force procedural-background sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Where a completed offense satisfies the ACCA's elements clause, does the attempted commission of that offense necessarily do so as well? |
| 18-7102 | Curtis D. Huling v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2018-12-19 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | aggravated-assault controlled-substance-offense crime-of-violence mens-rea mental-state physical-force recklessness sentencing-guidelines sentencing-guidelines-4b1.1 voisine-v-united-states | What is the least culpable mental state that qualifies a state aggravated assault offense as generic? |
| 18-7116 | Lonnie Anthony Jones v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2018-12-19 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-career-criminal-act curtis-johnson-v-united-states denard-stokeling-v-united-states edwin-deshazior-v-united-states florida-statute florida-statutes johnson-definition physical-force second-degree-murder violent-felony | Whether second-degree murder in Florida is a 'violent felony' within the meaning of the elements clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) |
| 18-6972 | Manuel Pereira-Gomez v. United States | Second Circuit | 2018-12-11 | Denied | IFP | armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause force-clause physical-force robbery sentencing sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation | Whether the New York State offense of robbery is a 'crime of violence' |
| 18-6914 | Daniel Rojas v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2018-12-06 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924c crime-of-violence criminal-law force hobbs-act johnson-v-united-states physical-force section-2255 section-924c sentencing violent-crime | What amount of force satisfies the definition of 'physical force' under Johnson v. United States? |
| 18-6798 | Elvin Hill v. United States | Second Circuit | 2018-11-23 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924c crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause federal-criminal-law hobbs-act-robbery intangible-property physical-force statutory-interpretation violent-force | Whether Hobbs Act robbery, which can be committed by causing the victim to fear economic loss to an intangible asset, categorically qualifies as a cri… |
| 18-6547 | Christopher Brooks v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2018-11-01 | Denied | Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP | 18-usc-924 armed-career-criminal-act circuit-split criminal-offense elements-clause mens-rea physical-force reckless-mens-rea statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether a criminal offense with a reckless mens rea qualifies as a 'violent felony' under the elements clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act |
| 18-6269 | Matthew Clayton Lloyd v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2018-10-10 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-2113 18-usc-924(c) armed-bank-robbery bank-robbery crime-of-violence extortion force-clause intimidation johnson-ruling johnson-v-united-states physical-force sentencing-review weapon-enhancement | Is federal bank robbery a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) |
| 18-5866 | Nathan Mosley v. United States | Third Circuit | 2018-09-04 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-1951 18-usc-924 categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-law elements-clause federal-criminal-law hobbs-act physical-force sentencing-enhancement statutory-interpretation | Whether a conviction under the Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. 1951 qualifies as a 'crime of violence' under the elements clause of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3)(A) |
| 18-5561 | Jose Nieves-Galarza v. United States | Third Circuit | 2018-08-13 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | armed-criminal-career-act johnson-v-united-states new-york-penal-law new-york-penal-law-160.15(1) new-york-robbery-statute physical-force sentencing-enhancement serious-physical-injury third-circuit violent-felony violent-force | Did the Third Circuit misread Castleman to erroneously require that a conviction under New York's first-degree robbery statute (N.Y. Penal Law § 160.1… |
| 18-5445 | Jason Lee Pyles v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2018-08-03 | Denied | Response WaivedIFP | 18-usc-924 aggravated-assault arkansas-statute armed-career-criminal categorical-approach due-process eighth-circuit johnson-standard johnson-v-united-states johnson-v-united-states-2015 physical-force statutory-interpretation violent-felony | Whether Arkansas aggravated assault on a family or household member qualifies as a violent felony under 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(i), and whether the s… |
| 18-5435 | Martin Michael Ybarra v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2018-08-02 | Denied | IFP | 18-usc-2113 armed-career-criminal-act bank-robbery elements-clause intimidation physical-force statutory-interpretation supreme-court violent-felony | Whether federal bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) qualifies as a violent felony under the Armed Career Criminal Act's elements clause |
| 18-5288 | Robert Serrano v. United States | Tenth Circuit | 2018-07-20 | Denied | Relisted (4)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act elements-clause force johnson-definition physical-force state-robbery state-robbery-offense victim-resistance violent-felony | Whether a state robbery offense that includes as an element the requirement of overcoming victim resistance by use of force is a violent felony under … |
| 18-5232 | Charles Lynch Pettis v. United States | Eighth Circuit | 2018-07-17 | Denied | Relisted (4)IFP | armed-career-criminal-act categorical-approach circuit-split physical-force robbery-statute sentencing-disparities sentencing-enhancement state-robbery victim-resistance violent-felony | Whether a state robbery offense that requires only force sufficient to overcome victim resistance categorically qualifies as a 'violent felony' under … |
| 18-5092 | Tyrone Anderson v. United States | Eleventh Circuit | 2018-07-02 | Denied | Relisted (4)IFP | almendarez-torres-v-united-states armed-career-criminal-act florida-robbery physical-force prior-convictions sentencing-enhancement stokeling-v-united-states victim-resistance violent-felony | Whether Florida robbery is a 'violent felony' under the Armed Career Criminal Act |