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67 results for “Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections”

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Tags Question Presented
19M121 Phillip Earl Crenshaw, Jr. v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2020-03-12 Presumed Complete None
19-6384 Dieugrand Jacques v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2019-10-24 Denied appellate-review constitutional-rights due-process fabricated-evidence false-evidence hearsay-evidence ineffective-assistance-of-counsel judicial-review post-conviction-relief right-to-appeal sex-offender-registration wrongful-conviction Why thousands of men and women like myself in this great country should continue to be kept illegally in prison only because a lawyer presented a fake…
18A826 Matthew A. Castro v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2019-02-13 Presumed Complete None
18A825 Parnell Smith v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Florida 2019-02-13 Presumed Complete None
18-7569 Paul William Scott v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2019-01-25 Denied codefendant-comparison constitutional-proportionality cruel-and-unusual-punishment death-penalty due-process eighth-amendment equal-protection sentencing-disparity Whether Florida's refusal to consider the disparity between the 15-year prison term of his equal or more culpable codefendant and Scott's death senten…
18-7562 Donald Jodiah Isaiah v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-24 Denied administrative-law civil-rights due-process equal-protection life-liberty-property standing takings Whether the Shalev Woelks doctrine violates the Dunrerve Cru ver tule
18-7564 Jovan Howard v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2019-01-24 Denied amended-information burglary-dwelling constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus legal-remedy prosecutorial-misconduct unlawful-alteration unlawful-detention void-indictment Whether Habeas Corpus was the proper remedy for the petitioner unlawfully detained against his will
18M97 Floyd Eugene Matthews v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2019-01-17 Presumed Complete None
18-7466 Glenn Bennett, Jr. v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-16 Denied burden-of-proof constitutional-rights criminal-defense criminal-procedure due-process fifth-amendment fourteenth-amendment ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel jury-instruction jury-instructions sixth-amendment Whether the erroneous jury instruction given in Mr. Bennett's case negated his only defense and relieved the State of the burden of proving all elemen…
18-7460 Clint Horvatt v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-16 Denied adversarial-testing appeal change-of-venue civil-procedure competency-hearing criminal-acts criminal-procedure disciplinary-history due-process independent-act-doctrine ineffective-assistance involuntary-intoxication record standing trial-counsel trial-court Did the trial court fail to attach portions of the record?
18-7416 Javier Solis v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-15 Denied confrontation-clause crawford-precedent crawford-v-washington hearsay hearsay-exception jury-instructions jury-interpretation police-testimony sixth-amendment testimonial-evidence truth-of-the-matter-asserted Whether 'testimonial' or 'non-testimonial' should be the only factor in deciding whether Crawford's protection should apply
18-7320 Nehemiah William Ford v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-09 Denied None
18-7230 Antwain D. Ashley v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-04 Denied criminal-procedure due-process effective-assistance-of-counsel open-plea plea-bargaining sentencing sixth-amendment Whether Ashley Was Denied His Sixth Amendment Right to Effective Assistance of Counsel
18-7064 Thomas W. Mackenzie v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-12-17 Denied access-to-courts affidavit civil-procedure civil-rights costs court-fees declaration due-process financial-disclosure in-forma-pauperis incarceration indigent-status legal-materials legal-proceeding poverty prison-law-library redress Whether the Florida Department of Corrections violated the petitioner's constitutional rights by denying him access to the courts and legal materials
18M84 John David Wilson, Jr. v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-12-13 Presumed Complete None
18-7020 Jose Antonio Jimenez v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-12-13 Denied brady-giglio-violation brady-violation capital-case constitutional-rights due-process gatekeeping-requirements giglio-violation government-suppression habeas-corpus second-or-successive second-or-successive-petition second-successive-petition Where a numerically-second § 2254 motion raises an actionable Brady/Giglio violation
18A613 Dirk Williams v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-12-12 Presumed Complete None
18-7008 Daniel Lee White v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-12-12 Denied civil-procedure civil-rights corporate-disclosure due-process equal-protection judicial-review precedent standing takings Whether the lower court erred in its application of the legal standard for determining the existence of a constitutional violation
18-6880 Jason A. Lenz v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-29 Denied accidental-death character-evidence civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-law due-process expert-testimony habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance jury-deadlock standing statutory-interpretation Should a certificate of appealability issue in a Section 2254 proceeding
18-6860 Johnny Ray McCloud v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-28 Denied 14th-amendment 5th-amendment constitutional-interpretation due-process dwelling-definition dwelling-vs-storage-building equal-protection florida-law florida-statutes habeas-corpus perkins-vs-state young-vs-state Was Perkins v. State, 682 So. 2d 1083 (Fla. 1996) correctly applied?
18-6837 Robert L. Swinton, Jr. v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-27 Denied anders-brief appellate-review collateral-attack due-process extraordinary-writ federal-habeas-corpus habeas-corpus in-forma-pauperis ineffective-assistance-of-counsel pro-se-defendant sixth-amendment state-court-review If the merits of an appeal exist and are not evaluated by a State or Federal Court of review, should a Federal court address Ineffective Assistance of…
18-6778 DeAngelo Horn v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-21 Denied certificate-of-appealability deficient-performance eleventh-circuit habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-of-counsel prejudice reasonable-jurists standard-of-review statutory-interpretation Did the Eleventh Circuit reach beyond the threshold inquiry for a certificate of appealability and deny a COA based on the merits of the appeal?
18A532 LaVaughn Weatherly v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-20 Presumed Complete None
18-6749 James Barnes v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-20 Denied constitutional-violation criminal-procedure faretta-right faretta-v-california mitigation mitigation-investigation presentencing-investigation pro-se-defendant sixth-amendment special-counsel Whether Florida's use of 'special counsel' to investigate and present mitigation and its requirement of a presentencing investigation report to provid…
18-6669 Gernard Denez Chestnut v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2018-11-13 Denied civil-rights criminal-justice due-process equal-protection public-health standing civil-rights criminal-justice discrimination due-process equal-protection standing Can entry other cases in Florida with similar stakes be granted relief if not the one presented in this petition?
18-6592 Andres Pavon v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-07 Denied 5th-amendment appeal appeals castro-v-united-states criminal-procedure due-process eleventh-circuit fifth-amendment habeas-corpus lee-v-us padilla-v-kentucky sentencing standing Were this Petitioner's Fifth Amendment rights according to the United States Constitution violated by the United States Court of Appeal for the Eleven…
18-6568 Harold Max Pompee v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-11-05 Denied competence competency constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process evidentiary-hearing guilty-plea habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-of-counsel right-to-competence Whether the Eleventh Circuit erred in holding that a state prisoner's ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim alleging that counsel failed to raise hi…
18-6492 Pascual Rentas v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-29 Denied certificate-of-appealability clearly-established-law due-process eleventh-circuit giglio giglio-standard habeas-corpus habeas-petition ineffective-assistance-of-counsel standard-of-review strickland strickland-standard supreme-court-law supreme-court-precedent Should the denial of Mr. Rentas' COA be reversed and reconsidered due to the recent ruling by this Court in Marion Wilson v. Eric Sellers, Warden 584 …
18-6457 Abel Puente v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-26 Denied constitutional-rights counsel-of-choice criminal-procedure effective-assistance-of-counsel indigent-defendant retained-attorney right-to-discharge-counsel sixth-amendment Whether the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel and to counsel of choice, which also provided the right to discharge counsel, wil…
18A444 Troy Sierra v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-26 Presumed Complete None
18-6400 Tarvares James Watson v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-23 Denied certificate-of-appealability civil-procedure due-process eleventh-circuit extraordinary-circumstances federal-habeas-review habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel rule-60(b) rule-60b state-law state-law-procedural-principles state-procedural-law Whether the Eleventh Circuit abused its discretion in overlooking the relevant state law procedural principles underlying petitioner's constitutional …
18-6318 Jeffrey Allen Ware v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-15 Denied 4th-amendment constitutional-violation exclusionary-rule fourth-amendment police-misconduct search-and-seizure warrant-requirement warrantless-search Is the exclusionary rule properly limited solely to the purpose of deterring police misconduct or can/should it be used to enforce a clear constitutio…
18-6291 Steven H. Cook v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-12 Rehearing certificate-of-appealability civil-rights collateral-review deprivation-of-liberty due-process federal-law federal-mail-box-rule habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel liberty-deprivation mail-box-rule mailbox-rule standing timeliness Is the issue of great import to potentially thousands of prisoners similarly situated and does it have significant impact on the public?
18-6275 Ricardo Lupian-Barajas v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-11 Denied certificate-of-appealability due-process eleventh-circuit federal-rules-of-appellate-procedure habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel judicial-proceedings prosecutorial-misconduct sixth-amendment strickland strickland-standard Did the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit depart from the accepted and usual course of judicial proceedings when it failed to st…
18-6250 Curtis Nairn v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-10-09 Denied 6th and 14th Amendment rights unexhausted and meritless which violated Petitioner's 5th aedpa amendment-violation civil-rights constitutional-amendments constitutional-claims constitutional-law constitutional-rights due-process eleventh-circuit exhaustion exhaustion-of-remedies habeas-corpus procedural-bar procedural-default section-2254 Whether the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeal err when it denied Petitioner's §2254 petition as procedurally barred by AEDPA, unexhausted and meritless…
18-6047 Leo Llowlyn Seed v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-20 Denied alibi appeal charging-information civil-rights constitutional-rights criminal-procedure cross-examination due-process habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel jury-instructions trial-counsel verdict-form witness-investigation Whether trial counsel was ineffective for multiple reasons
18-6038 Carlos D. Villavicencio v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2018-09-19 Denied 14th-amendment criminal-procedure double-jeopardy due-process jurisdiction nolle-prosequi prosecutorial-misconduct speedy-trial statute-of-limitations Whether the prosecution (State of Florida) retained jurisdiction after the speedy trial period expired
18-355 Prison Legal News v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-19 Denied 1st-amendment censorship civil-rights content-restriction corrections-policy due-process first-amendment free-speech media-rights prior-restraint prison prison-censorship Whether the Florida Department of Corrections' blanket ban of Prison Legal News violates Petitioner's First Amendment right to free speech and a free …
18-6026 James Ray Booth v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-18 Denied amendments appeals circuit-court-decision civil-procedure criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus judicial-review jurisdiction ministerial-correction procedural-relief sentence-amendment sentencing Whether the Circuit Court's decision nullified amendments to Petitioners' sentences and deprived him of the ability to seek habeas corpus relief in th…
18-6000 Angel Barreiro v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2018-09-14 Denied civil-rights constitutional-rights de-facto-life-sentence due-process equal-protection florida-supreme-court life-sentence parole parole-eligibility parole-process sentencing statutory-interpretation statutory-scheme Whether all 4,626 pre-1994 parole eligible Inmates in the State of Florida should also benefit from the Florida Supreme Court's ruling in Atwell v. St…
18-5991 Johnny Ray Bennett v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-14 Denied civil-rights constitutional-scrutiny double-jeopardy due-process ex-post-facto habeas-corpus jurisdiction subject-matter-jurisdiction unlawful-detention Whether the 2002 enactments violate the ex-post-facto-clauses,whether the trier-of-fact lost-subject-matter-jurisdiction,whether ex-post-facto-violati…
18-5949 Charles Litton Morris v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-12 Denied 2254-d-1-2 appointment-of-counsel brady-strickland-constitutional-claims claims-ignored constitutional-violation district-court-failure due-process evidentiary-hearing habeas-corpus insufficient-evidence judicial-bias personal-jurisdiction plea-validity subject-matter-jurisdiction supremacy-clause supremacy-clause-conflict-preemption issues being raised
18-5889 James Ronald Welch, Jr. v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-06 Denied abuse-of-discretion appeals appellate-procedure appellate-review civil-procedure civil-rights court-procedure criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus judicial-discretion judicial-review legal-review standing Whether the U.S. Circuit Court Judge Kevin C. Newson erred in denying Appellant's appeal
18-5878 Johnson Christopher Jamerson v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-09-05 Denied but no text of a SCOTUS petition for writ of cert I cannot generate a question presented or identif please provide the full text of the petition. civil-rights due-process executive-power legislative-authority prison-conditions prison-operations regulatory-compliance regulatory-oversight standing Whether the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals erred in deciding the case without applying the law to the facts of the case
18-5857 Jeffrey Latimore v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2018-09-04 Denied competency competency-hearing constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus mental-competency plea-agreement plea-bargaining right-to-counsel state-attorney-office state-court state-courts trial-court WHETHER TRIAL COURT ABUSED THEIR AUTHORITY BY DENYING PETITIONER LATIMORE A COMPETENCY HEARING BEFORE A PLEA AGREEMENT
18-5841 Juan David Rodriguez v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2018-08-31 Denied 1981-homicide capital-murder death-penalty death-penalty-sentencing due-process hurst-v-state jury-unanimity reasonable-doubt retroactivity substantive-criminal-law Whether the elements of capital murder identified by the Florida Supreme Court in Hurst v. State apply to a 1981 homicide prosecution
18-5849 Jose Soza v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-31 Denied criminal-procedure due-process fifth-amendment fourteenth-amendment ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel jury-instructions sixth-amendment state-postconviction Whether state trial counsel rendered constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel
18-5855 Derrick Knight v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-31 Denied appellate-counsel appellate-procedure brady-violation constitutional-rights effective-assistance effective-assistance-of-counsel ineffective-assistance-of-counsel judgment-of-acquittal motion-for-acquittal motion-for-new-trial withholding-evidence Was Petitioner denied his constitutional right to effective assistance of appellate counsel?
18-5805 George Clifton Cobb v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-28 Denied actual-innocence certificate-of-appealability civil-rights constitutional-review due-process habeas-corpus ninth-circuit procedural-default standing Did the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals err in dismissing petitioner's application for Certificate of Appealability as untimely despite petitioner showi…
18-5738 Bill Paul Marquardt v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-24 Denied appellate-jurisdiction capital-collateral-regional-counsel collateral-order-doctrine constitutional-rights due-process habeas-corpus jurisdiction jurisdictional-challenge pro-se-claims self-representation whether-the-three-collateral-order-doctrine-conditions-are-satisfied-and-the-u.s.-court-of-appeals-can-take-jurisdiction-on-my-pro-se-claims,-where-th…
18A206 Javier Solis v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-24 Presumed Complete None
18-5727 Andre K. Clarke v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-23 Denied agency-principles attorney-error buck-v-davis certificate-of-appealability circuit-split equitable-tolling extraordinary-circumstances habeas-corpus limitations-period miller-el-v-cockrell Whether Maples v. Thomas requires importation of agency principles into the equitable tolling context
18-5708 Thomas J. Arnold v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2018-08-22 Denied collateral-proceedings due-process equal-protection fourteenth-amendment liberty-interest manifest-injustice sentencing sentencing-correction state-collateral-proceedings Whether petitioner has been denied due-process and equal-protection under the U.S. Constitution Amendment-XIV, in his state collateral-proceedings
18-5539 Derek W. Pelto v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-10 Denied burden-of-proof change-of-law insanity-defense right-to-testify burden-of-proof certificate-of-appealability criminal-procedure ineffective-assistance insanity-defense right-to-counsel right-to-testify sixth-amendment Whether the court of appeals improperly denied the Petitioner a certificate of appealability under 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c) on his claim that his counsel r…
18A149 Michael Bush v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-09 Presumed Complete None
18A126 Prison Legal News v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-03 Presumed Complete None
18A116 Steven H. Cook v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-01 Presumed Complete None
18-5433 Helen Atkins v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Eleventh Circuit 2018-08-01 Denied closing-argument constitutional-rights due-process effective-assistance-of-counsel fair-trial hearsay-evidence ineffective-assistance-of-counsel jury-instructions prosecutorial-misconduct right-to-testify sixth-amendment speedy-trial Was the petitioner denied her right to a fair trial and effective assistance of counsel?
18-5364 Harry Austin v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-26 Denied appellate-review constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process fifth-amendment habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel sixth-amendment state-custody writ-of-certiorari Whether certiorari review should be granted where the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the denial of Austin's petition under 28 U.S.C. §2254 for writ of habe…
18-5334 Marlon Crawford v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-24 Denied access-to-courts civil-rights due-process equitable-tolling habeas-corpus illiteracy judicial-procedure non-english-prisoners prisoner-rights statutory-interpretation Whether equitable tolling may be extended to non-English or illiterate prisoners that lose access to courts as a result
18-5330 Gregory Alan Kokal v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Florida 2018-07-24 Denied capital-case capital-case,eighth-amendment,cruel-and-unusual-pu capital-punishment codefendant-culpability codefendants cruel-and-unusual-punishment culpability death-sentence eighth-amendment proportionality-review Whether an assessment of the relative culpability of codefendants in a capital case in Florida is required pursuant to the Eighth Amendment in order t…
18A82 James Barnes v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-20 Presumed Complete None
18-5295 Miguel Pedraza v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-20 Denied 28-usc-2253 appellate-procedure certificate-of-appealability constitutional-rights due-process eleventh-circuit habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-of-counsel jurisdiction mental-competency procedural-default standard-of-review Whether the Eleventh Circuit erred in denying petitioner's certificate of appealability application based on the conclusion that he failed to make a s…
18-5257 Frederick E. Melvin v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Florida 2018-07-18 Denied civil-rights due-process ex-post-facto parole prisoner-rights retroactive-application sentencing separation-of-powers statutory-interpretation Whether the Florida Commission on Offender Review (formerly the Florida Parole Commission) unconstitutionally operates under Florida Senate and House …
18A56 Daniel Lee White v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-16 Presumed Complete None
18A44 Jeffrey Allen Ware v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit 2018-07-11 Presumed Complete None
18A628 Jose Antonio Jimenez v. Julie L. Jones, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. Eleventh Circuit Presumed Complete None