Search

73 results for “South Dakota”

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Tags Question Presented
25A706 Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama, et al. v. Angelina Emergency Medicine Associates PA, et al. Fifth Circuit 2025-12-17 Application antitrust billing-practices corporate-disclosure emergency-medicine health-insurance medical-services Whether a group of health insurance providers can challenge emergency medical service providers' billing practices under federal antitrust law
25A535 Shawn Russell Sorensen v. United States Eighth Circuit 2025-11-07 Application controlled-substance drug-possession felony-drug-offense ineffective-assistance mandatory-minimum sentencing-enhancement Whether a defendant's prior state drug possession convictions qualify as 'felony drug offenses' under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b) for purposes of imposing a ma…
25-5932 Garland Ray Gregory, Jr. v. South Dakota South Dakota 2025-10-22 Denied choice-of-counsel coram-nobis equal-protection fourteenth-amendment sixth-amendment structural-error 1. Is a Sixth Amendment 'erroneous deprivation of choice of counsel ' structural error, an error of the most fundamental character, properly before t…
25A395 Travis Schlotterbeck v. United States Ninth Circuit 2025-10-06 Presumed Complete bruen-test circuit-split firearm-possession historical-tradition non-violent-felony second-amendment Whether a federal statute prohibiting firearm possession by individuals with non-violent felony convictions violates the Second Amendment under the hi…
25-276 Bret Healy v. Supreme Court of South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2025-09-10 Denied civil-procedure legal-standard non-signing-party reasonable-inquiry rule-11 sanctions Whether Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 permits sanctions to be imposed on represented parties who do not sign the pleading, motion, or other paper…
25-5253 Steven Tuopeh v. South Dakota South Dakota 2025-08-01 Denied compulsory-process court-transport criminal-defense due-process trial-procedure witness-testimony Whether a defendant's compulsory process rights remain unexhausted when a primary defense witness refuses to be transported to court from his prison c…
25A55 Dawn Eagle Feather Floyd v. United States Eighth Circuit 2025-07-14 Presumed Complete drug-offenses fourth-amendment probable-cause search-warrant standing suppression-motion Whether the Fourth Amendment permits law enforcement to conduct a warrantless search of a vehicle based on independent probable cause derived from the…
25A1 Bret Healy v. Supreme Court of South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2025-07-01 Presumed Complete bad-faith civil-procedure discretionary-power eighth-circuit rule-11-sanctions standard-of-review Whether a federal district court may impose Rule 11 sanctions against a party without individualized findings of bad faith
24-7350 Rusty James Driscoll v. United States Eighth Circuit 2025-06-03 Denied constitutional-rights discovery-material fifth-amendment inmate-rights local-rules sixth-amendment Whether District Court of South Dakota's Local Rules 16.1 and 57.10 violate an inmate's constitutional rights under the 5th and 6th Amendments to rece…
24-7224 Devon Delehoy v. South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2025-05-16 Denied actual-innocence constitutional-rights due-process habeas-corpus kidnapping procedural-default Whether a person can be considered held against their will in various scenarios involving voluntary movement and interactions
24-7125 Melaine R. Wilson v. Department of Interior, et al. Eighth Circuit 2025-05-02 Denied bureau-of-indian-affairs federal-trust-obligations indian-trust-lands land-transfer treaty-rights tribal-sovereignty Will the Department of Interior begin Negotiations with the Oglala Sioux Tribe President on Remedies for Pine Ridge Indian Reservation land transfers …
24-6726 Jason Krumback v. Amber Pirraglia, Acting Warden, et al. Eighth Circuit 2025-03-10 Denied court-jurisdiction habeas-corpus innocence-claim procedural-default sentencing-review witness-testimony Whether a pro se petitioner can challenge multiple procedural aspects of a habeas corpus petition and court proceedings
24-863 Wanda L. Edwards v. South Dakota South Dakota 2025-02-12 Denied fourth-amendment passenger-rights probable-cause search-warrant traffic-stop vehicle-search Whether officers must have probable cause to search purses held or worn by passengers during traffic stops
24-6328 Donald East v. Marty Jackley, Attorney General of South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2025-01-16 Denied actual-innocence criminal-conviction exculpatory-evidence guilty-plea habeas-relief ineffective-assistance Whether a factual basis supporting a criminal conviction can be verifiably false and still result in a valid conviction; whether an attorney accepting…
24A614 Wanda L. Edwards v. South Dakota South Dakota 2024-12-20 Presumed Complete constitutional-rights criminal-conviction due-process sentencing supreme-court writ-of-certiorari Whether a state supreme court's criminal conviction and sentencing decision violates a defendant's constitutional due process rights
24A564 James Dean Hanapel v. United States Eighth Circuit 2024-12-10 Presumed Complete entrapment law-enforcement minor-solicitation online-sting sexual-exploitation undercover-operation Whether the First Amendment and entrapment doctrine limit law enforcement's ability to conduct online sting operations targeting potential sex offende…
24-6093 Garland Ray Gregory, Jr. v. South Dakota South Dakota 2024-12-09 Denied attorney-client-relationship due-process equal-protection fourteenth-amendment habeas-corpus ineffective-counsel Whether South Dakota's statutory appointment of counsel for indigent prisoners in habeas proceedings violates the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protect…
24A379 Londell Bond v. Jasen Bohinski, Acting Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Dallas, et al. Third Circuit 2024-10-22 Presumed Complete constitutional-rights criminal-procedure habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance post-conviction sixth-amendment Whether a criminal defendant's Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel was violated by counsel's deficient performance during the pos…
24A329 Robert Wharton v. Joseph Terra, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Phoenix Third Circuit 2024-10-04 Presumed Complete capital-sentencing counsel-performance ineffective-assistance mitigating-evidence prison-behavior sixth-amendment Whether a capital defendant's Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel is violated when counsel fails to present mitigating evidence o…
24-5408 George Hall v. United States Fourth Circuit 2024-08-28 Denied federal-procedure investigative-process judicial-review jury-verdict legislative-pay south-dakota Whether a federal judge of South Dakota can review a jury's verdict and allow counselor legislative pay to be set by a jury in the investigative proce…
24-5406 Michael Hoeft v. United States Eighth Circuit 2024-08-28 GVR constitutional-challenge criminal-conviction federal-law firearm-possession second-amendment statutory-interpretation Whether 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) and (9) prohibiting firearm possession by certain convicted persons are facially unconstitutional under the Second Amend…
23-7767 In Re Jogaak Jogaak 2024-06-20 Denied bodily-injury civil-procedure criminal-law criminal-statute due-process federal-law north-dakota-law sentencing-enhancement serious-bodily-injury standing statutory-interpretation violent-felony Question not identified
23-1202 Ellingson Drainage, Inc. v. South Dakota Department of Revenue South Dakota 2024-05-09 Denied commerce-clause constitutional-challenge external-consistency fair-apportionment movable-equipment sales-tax state-tax-credits state-taxation use-tax Whether South Dakota's imposition of an unapportioned use tax on the fair market value of Petitioner's movable construction equipment violates the fai…
23-7289 Robert A. Horse v. South Dakota South Dakota 2024-04-23 Denied 4th-amendment cell-phone-data civil-rights due-process fourth-amendment search-and-seizure third-party third-party-doctrine warrantless-search Whether the warrantless search and seizure of a third party's (Google's) cell phone location data violated the Petitioner's Fourth Amendment rights
23-7265 Nicholas Stewart Hines v. South Dakota South Dakota 2024-04-19 Denied criminal-procedure double-jeopardy due-process fourteenth-amendment plea-agreement plea-bargaining sentencing sentencing-considerations sixth-amendment Whether acquitted conduct or dismissed conduct pursuant to a plea can be argued and considered at sentencing
23A895 Daniel Hess, aka Jason Hess v. United States Eighth Circuit 2024-04-08 Presumed Complete administrative-obstruction appellate-rights due-process inmate-grievance legal-access prison-lockdown Whether prison administrative lockdowns and operational changes that substantially impair an inmate's ability to timely access legal materials and fil…
23-6640 Garland Ray Gregory, Jr. v. South Dakota South Dakota 2024-02-01 Denied amendment-claim collateral-estoppel constitutional-violation coram-nobis cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process ineffective-assistance-of-counsel judicial-discretion procedural-error res-judicata Did the South Dakota Supreme Court abuse its discretion in dismissing the petitioner's writ of error coram nobis?
23-6056 Talthia Sorbel v. South Dakota, ex rel. South Dakota Department of Social Services, et al. South Dakota 2023-11-20 Denied adoption civil-rights constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process evidence evidence-admission family judicial-review standing Whether the lower court erred in denying the petitioner's request to present new evidence in the case
23M35 Talthia Sorbel v. South Dakota, ex rel. South Dakota Department of Social Services, et al. South Dakota 2023-10-31 Presumed Complete None
23A283 James T. Cunningham v. United States Armed Forces 2023-10-02 Presumed Complete courts-martial Fifth-Amendment service-members Sixth-Amendment UCMJ unanimous-verdict Whether service members accused of crimes are entitled to a unanimous verdict requirement under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments as applied to courts-ma…
23A186 Seneca Lovett Engel v. Derek Engel, et al. Eighth Circuit 2023-08-29 Presumed Complete None Question not identified.
23-133 Arlen Foster v. Department of Agriculture, et al. Eighth Circuit 2023-08-15 GVR administrative-law agency-review agriculture chevron-deference environmental-law statutory-interpretation swampbuster-provision wetlands wetlands-certification Whether a statute that provides that a wetlands certification 'remain[s] valid and in effect ... until such time as the person affected by the certifi…
22-7532 In Re Rex Gard 2023-05-11 Denied criminal-justice cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process equal-protection ex-post-facto ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel plea-bargaining sentencing sixth-amendment Is Petitioner actually innocent and has a miscarriage of justice occurred?
22-883 Rachel Evens v. David Gilbertson, et al. Eighth Circuit 2023-03-14 Denied civil-rights constitutional-rights diversity-jurisdiction due-process judicial-immunity standing state-court-proceedings subject-matter-jurisdiction younger-abstention What constitutes 'acts in excess of jurisdiction' versus 'the clear absence of subject-matter jurisdiction', with the judges being subject to civil li…
22-6549 Anne Marie Jordan v. Historic Log Cabins, Inc., et al. South Dakota 2023-01-17 Denied constitutional-rights criminal-judicial-misconduct democracy-preservation discrimination fraud-on-court fraud-on-the-court judicial-misconduct misapplication-of-federal-law misapplication-of-state-law state-law-discrimination supreme-court-review Whether the Supreme Court should grant certiorari to address issues of criminal judicial misconduct, fraud on the court, and the misapplication of fed…
22-6239 Nicholas Stewart Hines v. Denny Kaemingk, Secretary, South Dakota Department of Corrections, et al. Eighth Circuit 2022-12-07 Denied access-to-courts access-to-legal-documents civil-rights constitutional-violations due-process equal-protection first-amendment judicial-access prisoners-rights retaliation Whether a prisoner's right to access a county courthouse and public records is different than a regular citizen
22-5725 Marty Joe Banghart v. Dan Sullivan, Warden, et al. Eighth Circuit 2022-09-30 Denied appeals certificate-of-appealability civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process eighth-circuit federal-procedure habeas-corpus standing Whether the Eighth Circuit erred in denying Banghart's motion for a certificate of appealability
21A726 Haider S. Abdulrazzak v. Jason Ravnsborg, Attorney General of South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2022-05-16 Presumed Complete None
21-7215 Clayton Walker v. Freeman's Electric Service, Inc., et al. South Dakota 2022-02-25 Denied 5th-amendment abuse-of-discretion constitutional-rights cross-examination disputable-facts due-process federal-statute medical-records subpoena witness-examination Does the Petitioner have the right to his own medical records after they are subpoenaed, and when those records are not given to the petitioner by the…
21-7105 Charles E. Sisney v. Denny Kaemingk, Secretary, South Dakota Department of Corrections, et al. Eighth Circuit 2022-02-11 Denied civil-rights constitutional-rights content-based content-based-restriction first-amendment less-restrictive-alternative penological-interest prison-censorship prison-policy turner-factors turner-v-safley Whether the Eighth Circuit's approval of the prison's broad 'pornography' policy that prohibits inmates from accessing a wide range of written and pic…
21-6385 Edward J. Dostal v. Basin Electric Power Cooperative, et al. South Dakota 2021-11-23 Denied appeal-timeline court-procedure due-process federal-court-precedent filing-deadline motion-dismissal public-utility-regulation sherman-act state-court-precedent supremacy-clause Whether the South Dakota Supreme Court's dismissal order violated the Petitioners' due process and supremacy clause rights
21-6317 Clayton G. Walker v. Steve Barnett, South Dakota Secretary of State, et al. Eighth Circuit 2021-11-17 Denied amendment-interpretation candidate-rights constitutional-access election election-rights equal-protection judicial-procedure jurisdiction mask-mandate writ-of-mandamus Question not identified
21-6316 Clayton G. Walker v. Steve Barnett, South Dakota Secretary of State, et al. Eighth Circuit 2021-11-17 Denied ballot-access candidate-selection constitutional-rights election-law election-process equal-protection freedom-of-association independent-candidates major-parties third-party Should Walker as a Governor Candidate be able to choose from any party to join him in the nomination to be on the ballot just as the rights of Major P…
21-6042 Marques Smith v. United States Eighth Circuit 2021-10-22 Denied 11th-hour criminal-procedure discovery discovery-review due-process fair-trial sixth-amendment trial-preparation Does the District of South Dakota's Standing Order 16-04 prohibit a defendant from independent review of discovery, denying their Sixth Amendment righ…
21-6025 Stewart Hines v. Gwendolen Cleopha Nelson South Dakota 2021-10-20 Denied access-to-courts civil-procedure constitutional-due-process court-access due-process first-amendment fourteenth-amendment pro-se-representation standing trust trust-law Whether a sole Beneficiary and Trustee can represent that Trust pro se
21-5695 Nicholas Stewart Hines v. Tim Reisch, Secretary, South Dakota Department of Corrections, et al. Eighth Circuit 2021-09-17 Denied cares-act civil-rights constitutional-exemption due-process federal-exemption prisoners-rights state-seizure stimulus-payments supremacy-clause Whether states' seizure of prisoners' stimulus payments violate the federal exemption statutes within the CARES Act and the Supremacy Clause of the Un…
21-5396 Joseph Arguello v. Jason Ravnsborg, Attorney General of South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2021-08-18 Denied civil-procedure civil-rights due-process equal-protection standing takings Whether the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals erred in addressing the petition on the merits
21-5349 Chris Allen Miller v. Jason R. Ravnsborg, Attorney General of South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2021-08-13 Denied civil-rights criminal-procedure double-jeopardy due-process jury-trial prosecutorial-misconduct Whether the state court erred in denying the petitioner's due-process, civil-rights, criminal-procedure, jury-trial, double-jeopardy, prosecutorial-mi…
21-5190 Nicholas Stewart Hines v. Tim Reisch, Interim Secretary, South Dakota Department of Corrections, et al. Eighth Circuit 2021-07-23 Denied appellate-jurisdiction appellate-review civil-procedure collateral-order district-court-screening final-order judicial-review motion-for-reconsideration rule-59(e) rule-59e rule-60(b) standing whether-appellate-court-erred-in-dismissing-appeal-for-lack-of-jurisdiction
20-7713 Anthony Keenan Sharp v. Lawrence Long, Judge, Second Judicial Circuit Court of South Dakota, et al. Eighth Circuit 2021-04-13 Denied civil-rights constitutional-rights criminal-procedure cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process equal-protection exculpatory-evidence fair-trial freedom-of-speech prosecutorial-misconduct unlawful-search-and-seizure Whether the petitioner's constitutional rights to due process, equal protection, freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, and freedom from unlawful …
20-6774 Craig B. Snoddy v. United States Sixth Circuit 2021-01-05 Denied 4th-amendment colorado-v-bertine fourth-amendment inventory-search investigative-search search-and-seizure south-dakota-v-opperman supreme-court-precedent vehicle-search warrantless-search Whether the court of appeals' decision not to suppress evidence found in a warrantless vehicle search conflicts with Supreme Court precedent on invent…
20-5414 Aimee Lewis v. Seventh Circuit Court, South Dakota Unified Judicial System, et al. Eighth Circuit 2020-08-19 Denied civil-rights due-process jurisdiction patent standing takings Whether the lower court erred in dismissing petitioner's claims
19-8701 Roger Allen Raymond v. United States District Court for the District of South Dakota Eighth Circuit 2020-06-15 Denied aedpa Brady-violation constitutional-due-process due-process eighth-circuit exculpatory-evidence habeas-corpus post-conviction-relief prosecutorial-misconduct south-carolina successive-petition Whether the State of South Carolina commits a final byte power against the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals' decision is a second or successive habeas …
19-1338 Briley W. Piper v. Darrin Young, Warden South Dakota 2020-06-04 Denied criminal-procedure cumulative-error ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel jury-trial jury-trial-waiver plea-bargaining pre-plea-advisory prosecutorial-misconduct sixth-amendment sixth-amendment-right-to-jury-trial waiver-of-jury-sentencing waiver-of-jury-trial Whether the faulty pre-plea advising applies to both the waiver of jury trial and waiver of jury sentencing, requiring a remand to allow Piper to make…
19-8541 Haider Salah Abdulrazzak v. South Dakota Board of Pardons and Paroles South Dakota 2020-05-27 Denied court-filing fed-r-app-p-4c1 federal-regulations first-amendment fourteenth-amendment inmate-filing inmates-rights supremacy-clause Whether under the Supremacy Clause, the First and Fourteenth Amendment rights, states are permitted to dissociate themselves from Federal regulations …
19-8031 James Allen Gregg v. United States District Court for the District of South Dakota Eighth Circuit 2020-03-18 Denied civil-procedure credibility credibility-determination district-court due-process evidentiary-standard judicial-review magistrate-judge procedural-fairness witness Is a defendant's due process rights adequately protected when a district judge rejects a magistrate judge's proposed findings on credibility when thos…
19-1056 Kristi Noem, Governor of South Dakota, et al. v. Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe Eighth Circuit 2020-02-26 Denied economic-impacts fiscal-demands preemption state-interests state-taxation bracker-test economic-impacts federal-regulation indian-gaming preemption state-interests state-taxation tribal-sovereignty Does the Bracker test currently serve as a consistent and predictable rule of law in light of the exponential expansion of Indian gaming since 1988 an…
19-7610 Luciano Camberos-Villapuda v. United States Eighth Circuit 2020-02-07 Denied automobile-exception collins-v-virginia curtilage Due-Process exigent-circumstances Expectation-of-Privacy fourth-amendment payton-v-new-york probable-cause Warrantless-Entry warrantless-search Whether exigent circumstances justified warrantless entry onto the curtilage and search of a vehicle under the automobile exception
19A486 Charles Russell Rhines v. South Dakota Department of Corrections, et al. South Dakota 2019-11-04 Presumed Complete None
19-6477 Charles Russell Rhines v. Darin Young, Warden Eighth Circuit 2019-11-01 Denied 18-usc-3599 ayestas-v-davis clemency-request death-penalty exhaustion-requirement expert-services federal-court federal-courts federal-jurisdiction indigent-defendant state-remedies Must indigent death-sentenced state prisoners exhaust state remedies before a federal court may authorize access to expert services under 18 U.S.C. § …
19-181 Lance Patterson v. Indiana Family and Social Services Administration Indiana 2019-08-09 Denied administrative-interpretation agency-deference federal-law federal-regulation garnished-income garnishment income-calculation income-received medicaid medicaid-liability nursing-home nursing-home-payment state-agency-deference Whether a state Medicaid agency must include garnished income in 'income received' when calculating a nursing home resident's liability
18-9713 Steven Allen Brende v. Darin Young, Warden, et al. Eighth Circuit 2019-06-18 Denied administrative-law appeal civil-procedure civil-rights due-process south-dakota standing state-court-appeals supreme-court Whether the Supreme Court of South Dakota erred in its July 17, 2013 decision
18-9615 Shawn Russell Sorensen v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-06-12 Denied appeal conflict-among-courts-of-appeals drug-felony drug-felony-offenses drug-offenses eighth-amendment first-step-act mandatory-minimum sentencing sentencing-enhancement simple-possession Whether petitioner's prior simple possession drug convictions under Arizona and South Dakota state law qualify as 'prior drug felony offenses' under 2…
18-1417 Yankton County, South Dakota v. United States Federal Circuit 2019-05-13 Denied accrual-suspension accrual-suspension-rule fifth-amendment fifth-amendment-taking government-action gradual-physical-process inverse-condemnation property-rights stabilization-doctrine takings takings-clause united-states-v-dickinson When a taking arises from a gradual physical process, may the claimant postpone filing suit until the situation stabilizes?
18-9131 Ryan Canfield v. United States Second Circuit 2019-05-03 Denied 4th-amendment civil-rights community-caretaking due-process fourth-amendment impoundment inventory law-enforcement probable-cause public-safety reasonableness standardized-procedures vehicle-impoundment Must impoundment be reasonable under the Fourth Amendment, or conducted pursuant to standardized procedures, or both?
18-8866 Winston Grey Brakeall v. Robert Dooley, Warden Eighth Circuit 2019-04-17 Denied 14th-amendment 5th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-violation due-process fifth-amendment fifth-amendment-rights fourteenth-amendment fourteenth-amendment-rights parole parole-conditions polygraph polygraph-examination polygraph-examinations self-incrimination sex-offenders Whether compelled self-incrimination through the use of polygraph examinations as a requirement of parole violates parolees' Fifth and Fourteenth Amen…
18-8791 Danny D. Bissonette v. Robert Dooley, Warden, et al. Eighth Circuit 2019-04-11 Denied criminal-jurisdiction double-jeopardy due-process federal-habeas federal-indian-law habeas-corpus indian-law prosecutorial-jurisdiction state-sovereignty treaty-rights tribal-sovereignty Did the state court err in failing to set aside the conviction of a federally recognized tribal member living in Indian country?
18-1245 Oglala Sioux Tribe, et al. v. Lisa Fleming, in Her Official Capacity, et al. Eighth Circuit 2019-03-26 Denied abstention child-welfare civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-challenge due-process irreparable-harm parental-rights procedural-rights standing state-action tribal-sovereignty younger-abstention Whether the procedures used for preliminary hearings in child removal cases violate due process rights of parents
18-1006 Michael Kevin Adams v. Texas Texas 2019-02-01 Denied 4th-amendment 5th-amendment 6th-amendment civil-rights community-caretaking criminal-procedure fourth-amendment impoundment interrogation law-enforcement minor-offense probable-cause search-and-seizure traffic-stop vehicle-impoundment vehicle-search Michael-Kevin-Adams
18-6810 Timothy Hickman-Smith v. United States Eighth Circuit 2018-11-26 Denied colorado-v-bertine criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment fourth-amendment-violation ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel inventory-search search-and-seizure south-dakota-v-opperman vehicle-search Did inventory search violate this Court's decisions in South Dakota v. Opperman and Colorado v. Bertine, as well as the Fourth Amendment to the Consti…
18-553 Juliet Yackel v. South Dakota, et al. South Dakota 2018-10-29 Denied atkins-claim atkins-v-virginia conflict-of-interest counsel-representation death-penalty death-penalty-appeal eighth-amendment fourteenth-amendment ineffective-assistance-of-counsel intellectual-disability moore-v-texas Whether Rodney Berget was arbitrarily deprived of conflict-free counsel in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment when his counsel determined not to fi…
18-5977 Syed K. Rafi v. Yale University School of Medicine, et al. Second Circuit 2018-09-17 Denied civil-rights constitutional-restraints due-process fifth-amendment fourteenth-amendment spending-clause state-action state-actor If Government Requires or Induces A Private Party to Engage in Law Enforcement, All Relevant Constitutional Restraints Do Apply?
18A449 Juliet Yackel v. South Dakota, et al. South Dakota Presumed Complete None