overbreadth

63 cases — ← All topics

Case Title Lower Court Docketed Status Flags Tags Question Presented
24-6110 Askari Danso MS Lumumba, fka Dale Lee Pughsley v. Jeffrey Kiser Fourth Circuit 2024-12-10 Denied IFP first-amendment fourth-circuit inmate-correspondence overbreadth prison-regulation turner-balancing Whether the Fourth Circuit erred in applying Turner v. Safley balancing test to a First Amendment overbreadth challenge involving prison regulation of…
24-5041 John Maron Nassif v. United States District of Columbia 2024-07-10 Denied IFP capitol-buildings civil-rights criminal-prohibition demonstrating first-amendment free-speech overbreadth viewpoint-expression Whether 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G), which targets and criminalizes core First Amendment expression, is unconstitutionally overbroad
23-7535 Deqwon Saquod Lewis v. United States Fifth Circuit 2024-05-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP 10th-amendment certificate-of-appealability constitutional-vagueness due-process federal-enforcement overbreadth procedural-default tenth-amendment vagueness Whether a COA should issue due to federal enforcement of §1591 to local pandering and prostitution cases
23-7158 Russell Dean Alford v. United States District of Columbia 2024-04-08 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP criminal-law due-process first-amendment free-speech overbreadth political-expression protected-speech secret-service statutory-interpretation vagueness Whether 'disorderly' and 'disruptive' in 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(2) and 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(D) narrow the types of conduct criminalized, or refer only …
23-646 Devon Tinius, et al. v. Luke Choi, et al. District of Columbia 2023-12-14 Denied Response Waived civil-liberties civil-rights constitutional-rights curfew curfew-law due-process free-speech fundamental-rights overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine vagueness void-for-vagueness Whether the District of Columbia's curfew law is unconstitutional because it violates fundamental rights and because it is overbroad and void for vagu…
23-5111 Jacob Webster, et al. v. Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco, et al. California 2023-07-14 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-analysis criminal-prosecution facial-challenge firearm-regulation new-york-state-rifle-and-pistol-association-v-brue overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine second-amendment united-states-v-stevens Whether facial Second Amendment challenges require proving no set of circumstances where the statute is valid or only that a substantial number of app…
22-640 David Wellington v. Fernando Daza, et al. Tenth Circuit 2023-01-10 Denied Response Waived 1st-amendment 4th-amendment civil-rights content-seizure first-amendment fourth-amendment overbreadth qualified-immunity search-warrant tax-code Is a search warrant that authorizes a search for violations of the entire federal tax code (26 U.S.C. §7201), plus any other numerous codes and laws f…
22-558 Pedro Lance Soto v. Texas Texas 2022-12-19 Denied Response Waived civil-rights constitutional-law criminal-law criminal-statute due-process electronic-communication first-amendment free-speech overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine Is a law that criminalizes expressive speech immunized from First Amendment scrutiny if it also criminalizes non-expressive conduct?
22-497 Jasper Robin Chen v. Texas Texas 2022-11-28 Dismissed Response RequestedResponse Waived communications criminal-law criminal-statute electronic-communication first-amendment free-speech harassment-law intent overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine Is a law that criminalizes expressive speech immunized from any First Amendment scrutiny if it also criminalizes non-expressive conduct?
22-434 Slade Alan Moore v. Texas Texas 2022-11-09 Denied criminal-law criminal-statute due-process electronic-communication first-amendment free-speech harassment intent-standard overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine Is a law that criminalizes expressive speech immunized from any First Amendment scrutiny if it also criminalizes non-expressive conduct?
22-430 Charles Barton v. Texas Texas 2022-11-08 Denied Amici (7) criminal-law criminal-statute due-process electronic-communication electronic-communications expressive-speech first-amendment free-speech overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine public-concern Does the criminalization of expressive electronic communications in Texas Penal Code § 42.07(a)(7) implicate the First Amendment?
22-202 Leonardo Nuncio v. Texas Texas 2022-09-06 Denied constitutional-vagueness criminal-procedure due-process first-amendment free-speech harassment-statute obscenity obscenity-test overbreadth texas-penal-code vagueness Is Texas's obscene harassment statute unconstitutionally vague and overbroad?
22-5491 John Michael Ward v. United States Fifth Circuit 2022-09-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP appeal-waiver constitutional-vagueness criminal-law criminal-statute federal-procedure ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel overbreadth statutory-interpretation vagueness Was the U.S. District Court's interpretation of 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a) vague and overbroad, and did Petitioner's attorney render ineffective assistance o…
22-179 United States v. Helaman Hansen Ninth Circuit 2022-08-29 Judgment Issued Amici (15)Relisted (2) 8-usc-1324 commercial-advantage constitutional-challenge criminal-prohibition first-amendment immigration immigration-law overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine private-financial-gain statutory-interpretation Whether the federal criminal prohibition against encouraging or inducing unlawful immigration for commercial advantage or private financial gain, in v…
22-5394 Eric Christopher Falkowski v. United States Sixth Circuit 2022-08-19 Denied Response WaivedIFP controlled-substance-act controlled-substances criminal-law due-process enhancement-clause overbreadth sentencing-guidelines statutory-interpretation vagueness void-for-vagueness Whether USSG § 1B1.1's enhancement clause is impermissibly overbroad or void for vagueness
22-5231 Daniel J. Zulawski v. United States Sixth Circuit 2022-07-29 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-vagueness criminal-law due-process federal-evidence-rule fourth-amendment-search overbreadth sexual-activity sixth-circuit-analysis statutory-interpretation vagueness Is 18 U.S.C. 2422(b) unconstitutionally vague-and-overbroad
21-7576 Edward Wright v. United States Ninth Circuit 2022-04-08 Denied Response WaivedIFP child-pornography constitutional-scrutiny liberty-interests non-delegation-doctrine overbreadth plea-agreement supervised-release third-party-notification vagueness Whether the standard federal supervision condition requiring third-party risk notification is unconstitutional for its vagueness, overbreadth, and vio…
21-6465 Andrew John Gibson v. United States Ninth Circuit 2021-12-01 Denied Response WaivedIFP appellate-review constitutional-challenge criminal-procedure due-process non-delegation-doctrine overbreadth sentencing-conditions supervised-release third-party-notification vagueness Must federal appellate courts adjudicate direct appeal challenges to the illegality or unconstitutionality of supervised release conditions imposed at…
21-6370 Omil Cotto, aka Omil Gomez, aka Omil Alfredo Gomez v. United States Tenth Circuit 2021-11-22 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment cell-phone-seizure cellphones criminal-procedure fourth-amendment overbreadth probable-cause road-rage search-and-seizure search-warrant warrant warrant-overbreadth Whether the search warrant was constitutionally overbroad in authorizing the seizure of 'any cellphones' in the house when officers had no reason to b…
21-427 William Frederick Lamoureux v. Montana Montana 2021-09-21 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) civil-rights constitutional-law content-based-restriction criminal-law due-process first-amendment free-speech overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine speech-regulation Whether a statute that criminalizes speech intended to annoy or offend is unconstitutionally overbroad under the First Amendment
20-1627 S. S., et al. v. S. B. Pennsylvania 2021-05-21 Denied Amici (3) child-custody content-based content-based-restriction first-amendment free-press free-speech gag-order overbreadth prior-restraint vagueness Is such a 'gag order' an unconstitutionally vague and overbroad prior restraint and content-based restriction violating Petitioners' First Amendment f…
20-1620 Joy McShan Edwards v. United States Sixth Circuit 2021-05-19 Denied Response Waived 18-usc-1513 28-usc-2253 certificate-of-appealability constitutional-rights first-amendment free-speech overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine sixth-circuit statutory-interpretation Whether the Sixth Circuit's denial of Petitioner's request for a certificate of appealability was unreasonable, where Petitioner has demonstrated a su…
20-7537 Christopher D. Thieme v. New Jersey New Jersey 2021-03-23 Denied Response WaivedIFP cyber-harassment due-process free-speech libel obscenity overbreadth reasonable-person-standard scienter vagueness victim-impact-statements Is New Jersey's 'cyber-harassment' statute constitutionally invalid?
20-1241 Michael Paul Miselis v. United States Fourth Circuit 2021-03-09 Denied Amici (1) anti-riot-act civil-rights constitutional-validity criminal-prosecution due-process federal-prosecution first-amendment free-speech overbreadth protest-rights standing statutory-interpretation Whether 18 U.S.C. § 2101, the Anti-Riot Act, is facially invalid under the First Amendment
20-7377 Benjamin Drake Daley v. United States Fourth Circuit 2021-03-09 Denied IFP anti-riot-act civil-rights civil-unrest criminal-prosecution due-process facial-constitutionality federal-statute first-amendment free-speech interstate-commerce overbreadth standing Whether 18 U.S.C. § 2101, the Anti-Riot Act, is facially invalid under the First Amendment
20-6889 Gregory Bartunek v. United States Eighth Circuit 2021-01-15 Denied Response WaivedIFP 4th-amendment constitutional-law criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus internet-protocol overbreadth search-warrant standing vagueness Whether the federal rules of criminal procedure are unconstitutionally overbroad and vague
20-731 Paul Winfield v. United States Probation & Pretrial Services, et al. Fifth Circuit 2020-11-25 Denied Response Waived 18-USC-201 18-USC-666 constitutional-vagueness criminal-law federal-bribery McDonnell-v-US overbreadth statutory-interpretation statutory-overbreadth supreme-court-precedent vagueness Whether 18 U.S.C.A. § 666 suffers from the same constitutional infirmities of vagueness and overbreadth as 18 U.S.C.A. § 201 under McDonnell v. U.S.
20-5912 Adam Alan Henry v. United States Ninth Circuit 2020-10-05 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP 18-usc-2256 constitutional-vagueness criminal-law due-process federal-statute first-amendment overbreadth sexually-explicit-conduct statutory-interpretation vagueness Whether the definition of 'sexually explicit conduct' in 18 U.S.C. § 2256(2)(A)(v) is vague, ambiguous, overbroad and a violation of due process
20-146 Mark Henry Benavides v. Texas Texas 2020-08-13 Denied Response Waived civil-rights constitutional-challenge criminal-law due-process human-trafficking overbreadth penal-code statutory-interpretation vagueness Whether Section 20A.03 of the Texas Penal Code is unconstitutional
20-5220 Gerald Lee Groomes v. Arkansas Arkansas 2020-07-30 Denied Response WaivedIFP child-nudity child-pornography constitutional-rights criminal-statute first-amendment lewd-exhibition overbreadth protected-expression protected-speech vagueness Does a state's unreasonable application of a criminal statute prohibiting the possession of images depicting a 'lewd exhibition' of child nudity in a …
20-5185 Joshua Jermaine Nelson v. Texas Texas 2020-07-27 Denied IFP constitutional-vagueness content-based-restriction due-process first-amendment free-speech mens-rea overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine vagueness Is a statute unconstitutional on its face when it is a content-based restriction that severely criminalizes a substantial amount of harmless speech be…
19-1184 Nikki Bruni, et al. v. City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, et al. Third Circuit 2020-03-30 Denied Amici (10)Response RequestedRelisted (5) buffer-zone circuit-split civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-interpretation content-neutrality due-process federalism first-amendment free-speech judicial-construction narrow-tailoring overbreadth standing state-law Whether federal courts have authority to save a state or local law from unconstitutionality by positing a limiting construction that has no state-law …
19-7731 Michael Herrold v. United States Fifth Circuit 2020-02-21 Denied IFP armed-career-criminal-act burglary controlled-substance controlled-substances drug-distribution generic-burglary generic-definition intent intent-element overbreadth state-statute statutory-interpretation Where a state statute explicitly defines 'burglary' in a way that does not require proof of an intent to commit a crime, and thus lacks an element nec…
19-999 Lewis Alan Dugan v. Wyoming Wyoming 2020-02-10 Denied Response Waived criminal-procedure criminal-prosecution due-process first-amendment free-speech jury-instruction obscenity overbreadth speech-conduct stalking-statute Whether a trial court should instruct a jury on the legal definition of 'obscene' in a prosecution for writing obscene letters
19-6356 Gary E. Larock, Jr. v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-10-23 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights fourth-amendment fourth-amendment,due-process,civil-rights,liberty, home-search liberty-deprivation liberty-interest overbreadth probation probation-supervision statutory-reasonableness vagueness warrantless-search Whether a condition of supervision requiring the Petitioner to permit a probation officer to visit at any time is unreasonable under the Fourth Amendm…
19-6100 Melvyn Perry Sprowson, Jr. v. Nevada Nevada 2019-10-01 Denied Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP ashcroft-v-free-speech-coalition child-pornography constitutional-limits facial-challenge first-amendment free-speech new-york-v-ferber obscenity obscenity-standards overbreadth sexual-abuse state-regulation Whether a state regulation of child pornography that fails to satisfy all four requirements set forth in Ferber and that criminalizes conduct that is …
19-6082 Chase Matheny v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-09-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights fourth-amendment home-search liberty liberty-interest overbreadth overbroad probation probation-supervision reasonableness reasonableness-standard supervised-release supervision vagueness Whether a condition of supervision requiring the Petitioner to permit a probation officer to visit him at any time at home or elsewhere is unreasonabl…
19-6059 Serrah Arnold, aka Kristen v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-09-25 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights fourth-amendment home-search liberty-deprivation liberty-interest overbreadth probation probation-supervision reasonableness reasonableness-standard supervised-release vagueness Whether a condition of supervision requiring the Petitioner to permit a probation officer to visit her at any time at home or elsewhere is unreasonabl…
19-5884 Kevin Carson v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-09-10 Denied Response WaivedIFP circuit-split civil-rights constitutional-vagueness due-process first-amendment free-speech overbreadth pornography pornography-prohibition supervised-release vagueness Whether the lifetime supervised release condition prohibiting Kevin Carson from possessing or having under his control any matter that is pornographic…
19-5790 Ronald Frank Lee v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-09-03 Dismissed Response RequestedIFP constitutional-rights fourth-amendment home-search liberty-deprivation liberty-interest overbreadth probation-supervision statutory-reasonableness supervised-release vagueness warrantless-search Whether a condition of supervision requiring the Petitioner to permit a probation officer to visit him at any time at home or elsewhere is unreasonabl…
19-5785 Raul Zapata-Dominguez v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-09-03 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights criminal-procedure fourth-amendment home-search indictment jury-trial liberty-deprivation liberty-interest overbreadth probation probation-supervision statutory-maximum statutory-reasonableness supervised-release supervision vagueness Whether a condition of supervision requiring the Petitioner to permit a probation officer to visit him at any time at home or elsewhere is unreasonabl…
19-274 Teresa Buchanan v. F. King Alexander, et al. Fifth Circuit 2019-08-30 Denied Amici (2)Response Waived academic-freedom constitutional-rights due-process first-amendment free-speech overbreadth public-university sexual-harassment tenure title-ix vagueness Whether the Fifth Circuit erred by foreclosing Petitioner's ability to challenge the constitutional validity of a public university's speech regulatio…
19-5578 Preston Shands, Jr. v. South Carolina South Carolina 2019-08-13 Denied Response WaivedIFP batson-analysis civil-rights constitutional-challenge criminal-law due-process notice notice-requirement overbreadth overbroad statutory-interpretation statutory-vagueness vagueness As applied to Preston Shands, Jr., is South Carolina's kidnapping statute, S.C. Code Ann. § 16-3-910, vague and overbroad, in violation of due process…
19-5345 Mustafa Kamel Mustafa v. United States Second Circuit 2019-07-25 Denied Response WaivedIFP classified-information constitutional-vagueness criminal-procedure defense-investigation due-process first-amendment national-security overbreadth separation-of-powers statutory-interpretation vagueness Whether Section 5(a) of the Classified Information Procedures Act, 18 U.S.C. App. 3, is unconstitutionally vague or overbroad due to its potential to …
19-12 Kevin Sewell v. Maryland Maryland 2019-07-01 Denied Response Waived compelled-speech confrontation-clause due-process equal-protection fifth-amendment-self-incrimination first-amendment first-amendment-compelled-speech overbreadth self-incrimination sixth-amendment sixth-amendment-confrontation-clause Whether Maryland's law imposing a duty to report suspected child abuse or neglect on all persons in the State violates the First Amendment where it ma…
18-1517 Mehrdad Hosseini v. Kevin McAleenan, Acting Secretary of Homeland Security, et al. Sixth Circuit 2019-06-07 Denied Response Waived administrative-procedure administrative-procedures-act civil-rights first-amendment free-speech immigration immigration-law material-support national-security overbreadth political-advocacy standing terrorism tier-iii-terrorist-organization Whether independent, non-violent political advocacy constitutes material support for terrorism under the Immigration and Nationality Act
18-9411 Steven Douglas Rockett v. United States Ninth Circuit 2019-05-24 Denied IFP beyond the objective meaning of those words misconstrued the plain language of the statute an child-pornography constitutional-overbreadth constitutional-vagueness definitional-overbreadth definitional-vagueness dost-factors due-process judicial-construction lascivious-exhibition ninth-circuit-precedent overbreadth statutory-construction statutory-interpretation vagueness Whether the judicial construction of 'lascivious exhibition' of the genitals or pubic area of a minor in 18 U.S.C. § 2256(2)(A)(v) to include consider…
18-9285 Dean A. Schwartzmiller v. California California 2019-05-16 Denied Relisted (2)IFP civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection fourteenth-amendment free-speech overbreadth penal-code sixth-amendment vagueness void-for-vagueness Is California Penal Code § 288 void for vagueness and overbreadth and contrary to the First, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments
18-1182 Scott Ogle v. Texas Texas 2019-03-12 Denied Amici (2)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) civil-rights content-based-regulation criminal-law criminal-statute due-process electronic-communication electronic-communications first-amendment free-speech intent-standard overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine Does a statute criminalizing electronically communicated speech that is both intended and reasonably likely to annoy, alarm, or embarrass another pers…
18-8388 Brian Wright v. United States Ninth Circuit 2019-03-12 Denied Response WaivedIFP cell-phone-tracking due-process fourth-amendment overbreadth search-and-seizure sentencing supervised-release tapia-error vagueness warrantless-search Did the Ninth Circuit err by finding that there was no 'egregious violation' of Mr. Wright's Fourth Amendment rights when Mr. Wright's cellular phone …
18-8185 Anthony Alexander Ferrari v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-02-28 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-overbreadth fourth-amendment liberty-deprivation overbreadth overbroad plain-error probation-officer statutory-reasonableness supervised-release vague vagueness Whether it is plain error to require as a condition of supervised release that a defendant permit a probation officer to visit the probation officer a…
18-8105 Alicja Herriott v. Paul Herriott California 2019-02-22 Denied Relisted (2)IFP access-to-court access-to-courts civil-rights constitutional-overbreadth discrimination due-process first-amendment first-amendment-right-to-petition overbreadth petition-rights privileges-immunities standing vexatious-litigant vexatious-litigant-statute Is the statutory law prohibiting the arbitrary selected litigants petition to court discriminatory under Be & K Constr. Co. v. NLRB (2002) 536 U.S. 51…
18-7613 David Ackell v. United States First Circuit 2019-01-28 Denied IFP circuit-split content-based-restriction first-amendment free-speech overbreadth overbreadth-challenge speech-regulation stalking-statute united-states-v-stevens Whether the First Circuit erred in upholding 18 U.S.C. § 2261A(2)(B) (2013) against a First Amendment challenge
18-7456 Jonathan Sebert v. United States Eighth Circuit 2019-01-18 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-rights criminal-sentencing due-process erotica first-amendment free-speech free-speech 18-7455" overbreadth overbroad overbroad-condition Question not identified. supervised-release vague vagueness Whether the special condition of supervised release imposed upon Mr. Sebert, which (for example) would prevent him from shopping at Wal-Mart because i…
18-7263 Gerald Patmon v. United States Eleventh Circuit 2019-01-07 Denied Response WaivedIFP categorical-approach crime-of-violence criminal-sentencing deadly-weapon eleventh-circuit enumerated-offenses georgia-assault-statute gonzales-v-duenas-alvarez overbreadth sentencing-guidelines state-statute statutory-interpretation Whether the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit erroneously affirmed Mr. Patmon's sentence under USSG § 2K2.1 based on its determination that Ge…
18-846 David Allen Anderton v. United States Fifth Circuit 2019-01-04 Denied Response Waived criminal-statute due-process first-amendment freedom-of-speech immigration-law overbreadth separation-of-powers statutory-interpretation vagueness Whether to 'encourage' or 'induce' an alien to come to, enter, or reside in the United States in reckless disregard of the alien's 'in violation of la…
18-720 Ronald Duhe, et al. v. City of Little Rock, Arkansas, et al. Eighth Circuit 2018-12-06 Denied Response Waived civil-rights constitutional-vagueness detention-policy disorderly-conduct due-process first-amendment free-speech legal-precedent overbreadth probable-cause vagueness Whether precedent by this Court together with the Eighth Circuit, other circuits and state courts of last resort had clearly established the vagueness…
18-704 Ross Abbott, et al. v. Harris Pastides, et al. Fourth Circuit 2018-11-29 Denied Amici (6) campus-speech civil-rights due-process first-amendment free-speech overbreadth qualified-immunity standing vagueness Whether students have standing to challenge university speech regulations
18-478 Brian Edward Malnes v. City of Flagstaff, Arizona, et al. Ninth Circuit 2018-10-15 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2) constitutional-vagueness fourth-amendment harassment harassment-statute law-enforcement overbreadth probable-cause search-and-seizure unreasonable-search-and-seizure vagueness Whether law enforcement officials had probable cause to arrest the Petitioner for the crime of harassment under Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2921(A)(1) based…
18-6080 Abraham J. Bonowitz, Douglas A. Pagitt, Lisa S. Harper, Suezann K. Bosler, Arthur J. Laffin, Randy Gardner, Derrick W. Jamison, Thomas W. Muther, Jr., Shane A. Claiborne, Sam R. Sheppard, and John M. Travers v. United States District of Columbia 2018-09-26 Denied Response WaivedIFP 40-usc-6135 assembly constitutional-law display first-amendment free-speech overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine public-forum statutory-interpretation Is the open-air, public space surrounding the Supreme Court a traditional public forum?
18-5877 Levi Lapp Stoltzfoos v. John E. Wetzel, Secretary, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, et al. Third Circuit 2018-09-04 Denied Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP cash-deposit civil-rights constitutional-challenge criminal-law criminal-mens-rea due-process financial-institution financial-institutions mens-rea money-laundering overbreadth overbroad-statute statutory-interpretation Is 18 Pa. C.S. § 5111(a)(8) unconstitutionally overbroad?
18-5576 DifAnkh Asar, aka James Walter Gist v. United States Fourth Circuit 2018-08-13 Denied Response WaivedIFP acca categorical-approach civil-rights constitutional-vagueness criminal-statute due-process fifth-amendment overbreadth overbreadth-doctrine sixth-amendment vagueness vagueness-doctrine Is South Carolina's Code Ann. 16-23-40 unconstitutional?
18-5066 Edward Vincent Ray v. California California 2018-07-06 Denied Response WaivedIFP constitutional-challenge criminal-statute cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process equal-protection gender-bias ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-interpretation overbreadth sentencing-disparities vagueness-doctrine Whether Petitioner's sentence of 36 years violates equal protection due to disparities in California sentences for female and male offenders for the s…