| 25-6502 |
Donald Wayne Barksdale v. Virginia |
Fourth Circuit |
2026-01-07 |
Pending |
Response WaivedIFP |
corporate-fraud due-process habeas-corpus human-rights legal-representation subject-matter-jurisdiction |
Whether the Corporate State of Virginia is the free and well Trust Husband KOA medium de itlecdace with the CA NVerteccal Yexses ) few moved: JJ Ai S … |
| 25A652 |
Zbigniew M. Laskowski v. Washington Department of Labor & Industries |
Washington |
2025-12-03 |
Application |
|
certiorari-petition disability-accommodation judicial-process legal-representation pro-se time-extension |
Question not identified. |
| 25-5783 |
Tanya Spurbeck v. Midland Credit Management, Inc. |
Nevada |
2025-10-02 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
disability-rights due-process federal-claims indigent-litigants legal-representation supremacy-clause |
As of April 26, 2024, there is required federal funding, signed by the Nevada Attorney General, to promise required legal representation to indigent a… |
| 25-5643 |
Deloris Phillips v. Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation |
Fifth Circuit |
2025-09-16 |
Dismissed |
IFP |
civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process economic-discrimination equal-protection legal-representation |
Did the United States District Court of the Northern District of Texas Dallas Division unconstitutionally err in labeling petitioner vexatious-frivolo… |
| 25A289 |
Mary E. Hill v. Malcolm S. Spratley, Sr. |
Virginia |
2025-09-12 |
Presumed Complete |
|
attorney-withdrawal legal-representation pro-se supreme-court-rules time-extension writ-of-certiorari |
Whether a pro se litigant can obtain an extension of time to file a writ of certiorari after experiencing an attorney's alleged breach of professional… |
| 25-5326 |
Geneva Langworthy v. Supreme Court of New Mexico |
New Mexico |
2025-08-12 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
court-access disability-rights due-process judicial-bias legal-representation self-representation |
1. Can a judge with a personal bias against a party, deny that individual access to the courts as a punishment for disrespectful language in her plead… |
| 25-5244 |
Kristy Richard v. Ricky D. Dixon, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al. |
Eleventh Circuit |
2025-07-31 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
constitutional-rights due-process evidence-standard judicial-procedure legal-representation pro-se-litigant |
Th youv '^uidLi in<&^ (OhWdert«wn "you sWe *Th<
privuovu coACcfn o^4-ho supym Stw+ u ».*+o dearie caus pmv^f-ing issued t£ 'MpoHawez b*ja»ci
4Yh Tadi… |
| 25-5216 |
Ricardo L. Noble v. Pennsylvania |
Pennsylvania |
2025-07-29 |
Denied |
IFP |
abuse-of-discretion counsel discretion drug-addiction ineffective-assistance legal-representation |
Did Court abuse discretion by Not agreeing With Fact that, at Juvenile Lifer appellant's Resentencing iN 2ol8, pesenten cing gudge Yecanted the only F… |
| 24A1289 |
Kriston Price v. Ohio |
Ohio |
2025-06-26 |
Presumed Complete |
|
extension-of-time incarceration legal-representation pro-se supreme-court-procedure writ-of-certiorari |
Whether the Eighth Amendment permits a pro se incarcerated petitioner to seek an extension of time to file a petition for writ of certiorari based on … |
| 24-7380 |
Megan Rosenbaum v. Gregory A. Thompson, Sr. |
Indiana |
2025-06-09 |
Denied |
IFP |
civil-rights due-process eviction hearing-denial legal-representation small-claims-court |
Whether the Small Claims Court of Hendricks County violated the petitioner's civil rights by denying the right to attend a hearing and defend against … |
| 24-7137 |
In Re Jack Eugene Carpenter, III |
|
2025-05-05 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
counsel-consultation district-court-authority evidence-preservation jurisdiction legal-representation self-determination |
Whether a District Court can exercise jurisdiction and self-determination when a defendant lacks the ability to consult with counsel and preserve evid… |
| 24-6912 |
Kenneth R. Talley, et al. v. Judith C. Horn, et al. |
Third Circuit |
2025-04-01 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
appellate-jurisdiction constitutional-rights due-process judicial-procedure legal-representation pro-se |
Does a lack of basic literacy skills have significant legal implications for an elderly individual's ability to act as a lawyer to represent himself, … |
| 24-6884 |
Arthur L. Vitasek v. Ryan Thornell, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation and Reentry, et al. |
Ninth Circuit |
2025-03-28 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
arguable-claims court-rulings criminal-procedure habeas-corpus judicial-jurisdiction legal-representation |
Whether the Magistrate, District Court Judge, and Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals lost jurisdiction after determining an arguable issue existed without… |
| 24A760 |
Andre Bisasor v. Brian Moushegian, et al. |
New Hampshire |
2025-02-05 |
Presumed Complete |
|
court-rules extension-of-time legal-representation petition-for-certiorari pro-se procedural-fairness |
Whether a pro se litigant's lack of legal representation constitutes good cause for an extension of time to file a petition for certiorari |
| 24-6244 |
Darrell Smith v. United States |
Eighth Circuit |
2025-01-08 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
asset-forfeiture constitutional-rights criminal-prosecution due-process legal-representation representative-counsel |
Can companies be prosecuted without representative counsel when untainted assets are stripped, and do they qualify for the same constitutional protect… |
| 24-6026 |
Ana Ortiz, aka Ana Lopez v. Circuit Court of Illinois, Lake County |
Illinois |
2024-11-25 |
Denied |
IFP |
constitutional-rights due-process family-court fourteenth-amendment legal-representation sixth-amendment |
Does the absence of counsel and transcripts in family court proceedings violate constitutional due process rights under the Fourteenth and Sixth Amend… |
| 24-6030 |
Kenneth R. Talley, et al. v. Darren Horn, et al. |
Delaware |
2024-11-25 |
Denied |
IFP |
constitutional-rights due-process indigent-rights judicial-authority legal-representation state-jurisdiction |
Whether state law can usurp the United States Constitution in a case involving an indigent and illiterate citizen's legal representation |
| 24-5928 |
Erick Gachuhi Wanjiku v. United States |
Tenth Circuit |
2024-11-06 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
due-process judicial-procedure legal-representation pro-se right-to-counsel voir-dire |
Whether a pro se litigant's right to due process was violated when the court failed to appoint counsel and declined to rule on all issues presented |
| 24A382 |
Douglas B. Moylan, Attorney General of Guam v. Lourdes Leon Guerrero, Governor of Guam |
Guam |
2024-10-22 |
Presumed Complete |
|
attorney-general government-corruption legal-representation organic-act separation-of-powers territorial-government |
Whether the Organic Act of Guam limits the Attorney General's discretion to withdraw legal representation from government agencies under potential con… |
| 24-5551 |
Samuel Arnold v. Georgia |
Georgia |
2024-09-16 |
Denied |
IFP |
constitutional-rights habeas-corpus legal-representation prisoner-rights pro-se procedural-error |
Whether a pro se prisoner's petition was improperly denied due to procedural errors and lack of proper legal representation |
| 24A246 |
Samuel Lee Jones, Jr. v. Michael Wheeler |
Fifth Circuit |
2024-09-09 |
Presumed Complete |
|
certiorari civil-rights legal-representation pro-se supreme-court time-extension |
Whether a pro se litigant is entitled to a 30-day extension to file a petition for writ of certiorari when facing challenges in obtaining legal repres… |
| 24-5353 |
Kollier Devonte Radney v. United States |
Sixth Circuit |
2024-08-21 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
constitutional-rights counsel-replacement critical-stages due-process ineffective-assistance legal-representation |
Whether a former counsel's alleged ineffective assistance and potential due process violation impacted the defendant's right to representation during … |
| 24-5291 |
Ethan Printemps-Herget v. Louis DeJoy, Postmaster General |
Ninth Circuit |
2024-08-09 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
constitutional-rights federal-court-procedure legal-representation pro-se-litigation summary-judgment witness-testimony |
Whether pro se litigants are entitled to full legal participation and representation in federal court proceedings despite limited legal knowledge |
| 24A131 |
Rodney L. Lass v. Jason Wells, Warden |
Seventh Circuit |
2024-08-06 |
Presumed Complete |
|
habeas-corpus legal-representation prisoner-rights pro-se time-extension writ-of-certiorari |
Whether a pro se prisoner may obtain an extension of time to file a writ of certiorari when experiencing procedural barriers to timely filing due to i… |
| 24-5145 |
Antonio Tyree Gaskin v. Kentucky |
Kentucky |
2024-07-25 |
Denied |
IFP |
6th-amendment constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process eyewitness-identification law-enforcement legal-representation lineup procedural-safeguards right-to-counsel suspect-rights |
Whether the 6th Amendment of the US Constitution has guaranteed protections that safeguard against law enforcement showing a single photograph of a su… |
| 24A57 |
Victoria Wong v. Ricky Wong |
New York |
2024-07-17 |
Presumed Complete |
|
certiorari legal-representation pro-se procedural-relief supreme-court-rules time-extension |
Whether a pro se litigant may obtain an extension of time to file a petition for certiorari based on financial hardship and personal medical circumsta… |
| 23-7531 |
Tiffany P. Range v. Louis DeJoy, Postmaster General |
Eleventh Circuit |
2024-05-22 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-rights discrimination hostile-work-environment legal-representation pro-se settlement sexual-harassment standing |
How can I settle out with the courts or negotiate an agreement to be made whole? |
| 23-1156 |
Eun O. Kim, et al. v. Parcel K-Tudor Hall Farm, LLC |
Fourth Circuit |
2024-04-24 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
civil-procedure court-of-appeals due-process equal-protection judicial-discretion legal-representation motion-to-reopen procedural-fairness timeliness |
Whether the Justice system (The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit) granting the Motion to Reopen to one party after 8 years from t… |
| 23-7270 |
Mark Johnson v. New York |
New York |
2024-04-19 |
Denied |
IFP |
civil-rights constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process free-speech habeas-corpus legal-representation sexual-assault standing victim-rights |
Whether the district court erred in denying the petitioner's motion to vacate the conviction and sentence based on the alleged ineffective assistance … |
| 23-7230 |
In Re Alissa M. Peterson |
|
2024-04-16 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
6th-amendment civil-rights due-process fair-trial gideon-v-wainwright judicial-misconduct legal-representation |
Whether a writ of mandamus should issue directing the Attorney Grievance Commission and Judicial Tenure Commission to remand the case issue to the low… |
| 23-7151 |
Carolyn Sioux Green v. Washington Department of Social and Health Services, et al. |
Washington |
2024-04-05 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
chemical-lobotomy civil-commitment constitutional-rights due-process equitable-tolling federal-jurisdiction incarceration legal-representation statute-of-limitations |
Should the doctrine of equitable tolling be applied to a violation of the constitutional right to due process? |
| 23-982 |
In Re Joshua Marbley |
|
2024-03-08 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
civil-procedure civil-rights court-procedure default-judgment due-process judicial-investigation judicial-misconduct legal-representation motion-dismissal pro-se-litigation standing |
Why were the plaintiff's affidavits ignored? |
| 23-6905 |
Paul Harris v. Oran Schachter, et al. |
Ninth Circuit |
2024-03-06 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
civil-rights constitutional-rights court-access due-process fair-trial interpreter interpreter-assistance legal-representation procedural-due-process standing |
Does Petitioner have a Constitutional Right to a Fair Trial including the help of an Interpreter-or someone who can speak on behalf of the Petitioner … |
| 23-576 |
Sohail M. Abdulla v. Southern Bank |
Eleventh Circuit |
2023-11-29 |
Denied |
|
access-to-justice civil-procedure civil-rights due-process judicial-fairness legal-representation pro-se pro-se-litigation procedural-rules standing |
Is the right to due process being violated for pro se litigants? |
| 23-6126 |
Wayne M. English v. Parcel Express, Inc. |
Texas |
2023-11-28 |
Denied |
Relisted (2)IFP |
access-to-courts constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection judicial-misconduct legal-representation pro-se pro-se-litigant texas-constitution |
Can the State of Texas through its judiciary ignore the state's own legislative intent, the Texas Bill of Rights, the Federal Constitution and the due… |
| 23-5928 |
Michael David Beiter, Jr. v. United States |
Eleventh Circuit |
2023-11-01 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
civil-rights court-appointed-counsel criminal-procedure defendant-rights due-process initial-appearance judicial-procedure legal-representation magistrate-judge right-to-counsel |
Can a magistrate judge force counsel upon a defendant without consent? |
| 23-5077 |
In Re Ronald Boyajian |
|
2023-07-12 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
access-to-court appeal-of-right appellate-procedure appointed-counsel court-access due-process legal-representation ninth-circuit pro-se pro-se-litigation supplemental-brief |
Did the Ninth Circuit violate the defendant-appellant's due process right of access to the court in denying his pro se supplemental brief? |
| 22-7901 |
Samuel Howard v. Renee Baker, Warden |
Ninth Circuit |
2023-06-29 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
conflict-of-interest criminal-defense criminal-procedure habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance judicial-inquiry legal-representation prejudice right-to-counsel sixth-amendment |
Sixth-Amendment-violation |
| 22-7786 |
Lei Yin v. Biogen Inc. |
First Circuit |
2023-06-14 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (3)IFP |
access-to-justice civil-procedure civil-rights due-process federal-court-procedure judicial-discretion legal-representation pro-se pro-se-rights standing |
Whether the Pro Se Rights shall be preserved in Federal Court System? |
| 22-7489 |
Theodore Dean Acosta v. Glen Wilson, et al. |
Tenth Circuit |
2023-05-09 |
Denied |
IFP |
civil-rights constitutional-guarantees constitutional-rights damages due-process exoneration legal-representation political-motivation standing statute-of-limitations |
Does an exonerated person have a right to be made whole after being denied due process and suffering additional punishments? |
| 22-7338 |
Robert Lemke v. United States |
Second Circuit |
2023-04-20 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
autonomy criminal-autonomy criminal-defendant defendant-rights due-process legal-representation liberty liberty-interests mental-health mental-health-considerations sentencing sentencing-procedure |
Whether a criminal defendant's right to autonomy applies to his sentencing? |
| 22-6943 |
Travis Thurston v. Florida |
Florida |
2023-03-06 |
Denied |
IFP |
constitutional-rights due-process evidentiary-hearing florida-law legal-representation post-conviction postconviction-relief |
Whether the state court's decision to deprive petitioner of post-conviction evidentiary hearing counsel violated his constitutional right to due proce… |
| 22-6506 |
Andrew Simpson v. Carl Davis, dba Davis Construction Co., et al. |
Eighth Circuit |
2023-01-10 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
28-usc-1915 civil-rights court-appointed-counsel due-process exceptional-circumstances informa-pauperis legal-representation mental-illness pro-se-litigant |
When acting under 28 USC 1915 Informa paupers, do a mental illness qualify as a 'exceptional circumstance' for appointment of council? Do a mentally i… |
| 22-6287 |
Ashley Y. (Yoo Hyang) Kim v. Public Schools of Brookline, et al. |
First Circuit |
2022-12-13 |
Denied |
Relisted (2)IFP |
civil-liberties civil-rights constitutional-law discrimination due-process employment fourth-amendment legal-representation privacy-rights school-search student-surveillance termination |
Whether the petitioner's termination from employment was unlawful due to discrimination based on nationality, age, gender status, and lack of legal re… |
| 22-6278 |
Daniel Patrick Degoto v. William S. Bohrer, Warden |
Fourth Circuit |
2022-12-12 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-rights constitutional-violation criminal-proceedings due-process habeas-corpus judicial-review legal-challenge legal-representation lower-court-decision prison-conditions standing supreme-court |
Whether the courts have properly considered the legal issues and procedures involved in DEETO cases, including illegal detention, conviction, and exte… |
| 22-6170 |
Andrea Peterson v. HVM L.L.C., et al. |
Third Circuit |
2022-11-30 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-amendment court-rules disability-rights discovery due-process equal-protection legal-representation standing |
Whether a person(s) with a handicap or disability are protected by the Due Process Clause |
| 22-5502 |
In Re Artis Carroll |
|
2022-09-02 |
Denied |
IFP |
14th-amendment 6th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process habeas-corpus involuntary-commitment legal-representation mental-health right-to-counsel |
Whether the involuntary commitment of a defendant to a psychiatric hospital without the assistance of counsel violates the defendant's constitutional … |
| 22-143 |
Jada Ku v. Great Falls Public Library |
Montana |
2022-08-15 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
accommodation civil-rights disability-discrimination due-process legal-representation mental-disability public-library supreme-court |
Can the Great Falls Public Library discriminate against me because of my mental disability? |
| 22-107 |
Marianne E. Burke v. Criterion General, Inc., et al. |
Alaska |
2022-08-03 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2) |
constitutional-rights due-process funeral-expenses gross-negligence legal-representation schiel wedmore white workers-compensation workplace-negligence workplace-safety |
Was Workers' Compensation law and the cases of Schiel, Wedmore, and White involving mostly injury, misapplied to this case; a case that is about gross… |
| 22-5244 |
Charles M. Torrence v. Hazel Peterson, Warden |
Tenth Circuit |
2022-08-01 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
constitutional-right criminal-procedure critical-stage due-process legal-representation mental-competency right-to-counsel sixth-amendment statewide-importance |
Whether a mental competency hearing is a critical stage of a criminal prosecution requiring representation by counsel under the Sixth Amendment |
| 22-45 |
Jada Ku v. Great Falls Public Schools |
Montana |
2022-07-18 |
Denied |
|
civil-rights disability-discrimination due-process equal-protection judicial-accommodation legal-representation mental-disability public-education school-discrimination standing supreme-court-procedure |
Can the Great Falls Public Schools discriminate against me because of my mental disability? |
| 21-8061 |
Barbrie Logan v. MGM Grand Detroit Casino |
Sixth Circuit |
2022-06-06 |
Rehearing |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
civil-rights discrimination-claim due-process eeoc-exhaustion employment federal-courts indigent-plaintiff legal-representation pro-se summary-judgment title-vii |
Who has responsibility to inform indigent pro se complainant of right to counsel in Title VII action? |
| 21-7906 |
Ruben Sanchez v. Illinois |
Illinois |
2022-05-18 |
Denied |
IFP |
adequate-representation due-process judicial-consideration legal-representation plea-bargaining plea-withdrawal pro-se public-defender withdrawal |
Does a Pro Se plaintiff have a due process right to the adequate performance of counsel when represented by a public defender for the purpose of withd… |
| 21-7373 |
Steven M. Chapman v. Warden, FCC Coleman - USP II |
Eleventh Circuit |
2022-03-15 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
coram-nobis court-martial due-process legal-representation military-justice post-conviction post-conviction-relief standing writ-of-coram-nobis |
Whether Petitioner received full and fair consideration in the military justice system |
| 21-7200 |
John L. Jacques v. Wisconsin |
Wisconsin |
2022-02-24 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
civil-procedure civil-rights due-process electronically-stored-information ineffective-assistance legal-assistance legal-representation postconviction postconviction-relief procedural-default rule-of-completeness standing |
Is it sufficient reason for failing to raise new issues in a postconviction motion after first appeal that were not already litigated |
| 21-1157 |
Dennis Spencer v. Colorado |
Colorado |
2022-02-22 |
Denied |
Amici (2)Relisted (2) |
attorney-performance conflict-of-interest constitutional-rights cuyler-v-sullivan ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation multiple-clients personal-conflicts prejudice prejudice-standard |
Does Sullivan's standard apply only when a defense lawyer represents multiple clients with conflicting interests, or does Sullivan apply to other conf… |
| 21-6755 |
Kenny Pugh v. Illinois |
Illinois |
2022-01-04 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
4th-amendment appellate-review criminal-procedure due-process exclusionary-rule in-forma-pauperis judicial-district legal-representation search-and-seizure state-court state-courts |
Whether the Petitioner's constitutional rights were violated when the trial court denied his motion to suppress evidence obtained from an unlawful sea… |
| 21-6305 |
Eric Volk v. State Bar of California |
California |
2021-11-16 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-rights constitutional-rights digital-evidence disciplinary-proceedings due-process evidence fourth-amendment law-enforcement legal-representation professional-conduct search-and-seizure warrant-requirement |
Can The Spate bar of CAIIFOCWA cJos2 . a Complaint an my BHerreo Ms. Lance Brown, Where rules ef profcfsyone| Condect, dnd ng Ave proces Whrk Ve oat l… |
| 21-6196 |
I. A. v. Kansas |
Kansas |
2021-11-05 |
Denied |
Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
appeal civil-rights constitutional-law criminal-procedure due-process fourteenth-amendment ineffective-assistance legal-representation right-to-appeal standing |
Did I.A. have a Fourteenth Amendment right to be informed of his right to appeal? |
| 21-620 |
Michael D. J. Eisenberg v. West Virginia Office of Disciplinary Counsel, et al. |
District of Columbia |
2021-10-27 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
civil-rights constitutional-interpretation due-process federal-agency free-speech legal-representation standing state-regulation supremacy-clause younger-abstention |
Whether the Younger abstention doctrine applies |
| 21-493 |
Susan Chen v. Darren Migita, et al. |
Washington |
2021-10-04 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
civil-procedure court-dismissal due-process fourteenth-amendment jurisdictional-challenge legal-representation notice personal-jurisdiction procedural-ambiguity standing unrepresented-minor |
Whether a state court's dismissal order, absent clear languages about the legal effects, and its further refusal to clarify — which has led to four ye… |
| 21-5689 |
Harold V. Hoskins v. Kevin Kauffman, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Huntingdon, et al. |
Third Circuit |
2021-09-17 |
Denied |
IFP |
constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process fair-trial fifth-amendment fourteenth-amendment ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation right-to-counsel sixth-amendment |
Was the petitioner denied his Sixth Amendment right to be represented by counsel? |
| 21-221 |
Blake Cretacci v. Joe Call, et al. |
Sixth Circuit |
2021-08-16 |
Denied |
|
civil-rights counsel-communication court-of-appeals-split due-process federal-law legal-representation mailbox-rule prisoner-filing prisoner-representation pro-se-filing standing |
Whether a prisoner who submits a filing through the prison mail system loses the benefit of the mailbox rule if he has counsel? |
| 21-5368 |
Alberto Rodriguez v. Kathleen Allison, Secretary, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation |
Ninth Circuit |
2021-08-13 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
criminal-procedure due-process fundamental-right legal-representation notice-of-charges sixth-amendment waiver |
Whether the Sixth Amendment fundamental right to notice of charges can be waived by the lawyer's failure to object or whether the defendant must perso… |
| 21-5360 |
Danta Omar Roberts v. United States |
Fourth Circuit |
2021-08-12 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
criminal-procedure direct-appeal fourth-amendment fourth-circuit habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation procedural-review standard-of-review trial-counsel |
Whether the Fourth Circuit erred by ruling that the record did not conclusively demonstrate any deficiencies in trial counsel's representation, and Mr… |
| 21-5295 |
Anthony D. Jones v. Michelle Floyd, Warden |
Sixth Circuit |
2021-08-04 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
administrative-law appellate-counsel civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection ineffective-assistance jurisdiction legal-representation sixth-amendment standing |
Whether the lower court erred in its application of the relevant legal standards |
| 21-5067 |
Lonnie Ray Wiseman v. Patti Wachtendorf, Warden, et al. |
Eighth Circuit |
2021-07-09 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
circuit-court-procedure complex-legal-issues counsel-appointment custody-transfer federal-custody habeas-corpus legal-representation primary-jurisdiction writ-of-custody writ-of-habeas-corpus |
Whether the Eighth Circuit erred in refusing to order the government to produce a writ of habeas corpus ad prosequendum |
| 20-8109 |
Walter Crayton v. Massachusetts |
Massachusetts |
2021-05-24 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
4th-amendment assigned-counsel child-pornography civil-rights criminal-appeals criminal-procedure due-process free-speech legal-representation post-conviction search-and-seizure trial-court |
Whether the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court erred in affirming the defendant's conviction for possession of child pornography, second offense, de… |
| 20-7925 |
In Re Clement Mosseri |
|
2021-05-04 |
Denied |
IFP |
court-access discrimination due-process equal-protection fair-hearing judicial-bias legal-representation pro-se-litigant pro-se-litigation right-to-counsel unbiased-tribunal |
Is petitioner entitled to a fair hearing before an unbiased tribunal? |
| 20-1504 |
J. L., a Child v. Kate Halamay, et al. |
Washington |
2021-04-28 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
americans-with-disabilities-act attorney-representation civil-rights due-process fourteenth-amendment informed-consent legal-representation mental-disability |
Did the courts violate the ADA by refusing to allow an attorney to represent a mentally disabled person? |
| 20-7602 |
Bienvenido Rodriguez, Jr. v. Ulli Klemm, et al. |
Third Circuit |
2021-03-30 |
Denied |
IFP |
appellate-procedure circuit-court civil-procedure civil-rights due-process ineffective-representation judicial-discretion legal-representation motion-to-dismiss procedural-due-process settlement-agreement standing |
Whether the Third Circuit Court of Appeals abused its discretion in summarily affirming the district court's order, dismissing plaintiff Rodriguez's a… |
| 20-7562 |
Kamme O v. Texas A&M University and System, et al. |
Fifth Circuit |
2021-03-25 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
administrative-procedure civil-procedure civil-rights due-process employment employment-rights gender-bias legal-representation standing whistleblower-protection workplace-discrimination |
Are employment-rights-for-everyone-or-just-lawyers? |
| 20-7236 |
Vincent E. Boyd v. Dylon Radtke, Warden |
Seventh Circuit |
2021-02-24 |
Denied |
IFP |
certificate-of-appealability court-procedure due-process legal-representation pro-se-defendant self-representation sixth-amendment sixth-amendment-right standby-counsel |
Should courts have to clearly define, on the record, the proper role of standby counsel in the proceedings? |
| 20-7184 |
Mitchell Wagner v. Archie D. Scarborough, et al. |
Fifth Circuit |
2021-02-19 |
Denied |
IFP |
appellate-procedure appointment-of-counsel civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process in-forma-pauperis legal-complexity legal-representation pro-se pro-se-litigation right-to-counsel standing |
Whether the failure of an appellate court to recognize an already approved and accepted in forma pauperis status violates the petitioner's constitutio… |
| 20-7094 |
Kenneth Ray Sheffey v. Iowa |
Eighth Circuit |
2021-02-10 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
access-to-courts civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process habeas-corpus illiterate indigent-status legal-representation prisoner-assistance prisoner-rights pro-se |
Did the lower court violate the protections under the Iowa and United States Constitutions by denying Petitioner, an illiterate prisoner, both legal a… |
| 20-6850 |
Ronald Eugene Weems v. Alabama |
Alabama |
2021-01-12 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
alabama-supreme-court attorney-representation constitutional-rights court-review due-process habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-of-counsel ineffective-counsel legal-representation post-conviction sixth-amendment |
Question not identified |
| 20-6672 |
Adam L. Coleman v. Ephraim McDowell Regional Medical Center |
Kentucky |
2020-12-21 |
Denied |
IFP |
age-of-majority civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection equal-protection-clause estate-administration legal-representation medical-malpractice wrongful-death |
Can a state pass legislation that jeopardizes legal representation of a Wrongful Death or Medical Malpractice asserted claim that would otherwise be g… |
| 20-6579 |
Aimee O'Neil v. Weld County, Colorado |
Tenth Circuit |
2020-12-09 |
Denied |
IFP |
appeals civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection individual-rights judicial-procedure legal-representation liberty-interest procedural-protection standing |
Did Attorney Andrew Poland provide adequate representation? |
| 20-6334 |
Chrishma Hunter Singhderewa v. Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, et al. |
California |
2020-11-16 |
Denied |
Relisted (2)IFP |
civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-rights defendant-rights due-process judicial-procedure legal-representation motion-to-appear representation standing |
Is the State of California denying a citizen of the United States of America their constitutional right to representation by refusing to acknowledge a… |
| 20-6341 |
Jason Harriman v. United States |
Eighth Circuit |
2020-11-16 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
adequate-inquiry appointed-counsel appointment-of-counsel civil-rights court-inquiry criminal-procedure due-process indigent-defendant legal-representation right-to-counsel sixth-amendment |
Whether a defendant's 6th Amendment right to counsel of choice extends to an indigent defendant who has appointed counsel |
| 20-5986 |
Romeo Wilson v. Debra Sue Gabites, et al. |
Michigan |
2020-10-09 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-procedure civil-rights constitutional-rights court-procedure due-process ineffective-counsel legal-representation standing witness-testimony |
Do I have any rights/the light was blinking? Do I have any right/I had two lawyer, Mr.Jessie A.Nas# (79465) and Mirstared 1,Shouey(75877) was their to… |
| 20-5989 |
Ann Karnofel v. Superior Waterproofing, Inc. |
Ohio |
2020-10-09 |
Rehearing |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
attorney-fees attorney-sanctions civil-rights court-procedure due-process evidentiary-challenges evidentiary-hearing judicial-discretion legal-ethics legal-representation pro-se sanctions |
Whether it was proper to impose sanctions and attorney's fees on a pro se petitioner, when the petitioner did not have an opportunity to respond at th… |
| 20-5885 |
Mario Perez v. United States |
Fifth Circuit |
2020-10-01 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
appellate-jurisdiction civil-procedure due-process evidentiary-hearing legal-representation settlement-agreement |
Question not identified |
| 20-5708 |
Fagbemi Miranda v. Massachusetts |
Massachusetts |
2020-09-15 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
criminal-defense criminal-procedure defendant-rights fundamental-decision fundamental-decisions legal-representation right-to-counsel self-representation sixth-amendment trial-strategy |
Does the defendant's Sixth Amendment right to make fundamental decisions about his case include the right to choose which defense to present at trial? |
| 20-5611 |
Andy Buxton v. Josh Shapiro, Attorney General of Pennsylvania, et al. |
Third Circuit |
2020-09-08 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-rights due-process federal-appeal habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance legal-representation post-conviction-relief procedural-default |
Whether claims of ineffective assistance of post-conviction counsel could serve as cause to excuse the procedural default of a claim of trial counsel'… |
| 20-5228 |
United States, ex rel. Friedrich Lu v. Ramandeep Samra, et al. |
First Circuit |
2020-07-30 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
attorney-representation circuit-court civil-procedure false-claims-act jurisdiction legal-representation pro-se qui-tam standing |
Whether a relator may proceed pro se under the False Claims Act |
| 19-1428 |
Tina L. Morin v. Montana Office of Disciplinary Counsel |
Montana |
2020-07-02 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
constitutional-rights disciplinary-counsel disciplinary-proceedings due-process Fourteenth-Amendment guardianship legal-ethics legal-representation professional-conduct right-to-counsel |
Did the COP violate Morin's due-process rights under the Fourteenth-Amendment when the COP ordered Morin suspended from practice for allegedly violati… |
| 19-8792 |
John Hummel v. Bobby Lumpkin, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division |
Fifth Circuit |
2020-06-23 |
Denied |
IFP |
18-U.S.C.-3599 clemency clemency-proceedings death-penalty discretionary-review expert-assistance expert-services legal-representation reasonably-necessary statutory-funding unusual-character-or-duration |
When a death-sentenced inmate's appointed attorney shows that expert services have likely utility and are of unusual character or duration, but cost m… |
| 19-8584 |
Christopher Raynard Kidd v. United States |
Fifth Circuit |
2020-06-02 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
criminal-defense due-process evidence-review ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation legal-standards prejudice sixth-amendment strickland-v-washington trial-counsel |
Whether trial counsel was ineffective for failing to review all the evidence with Mr. Kidd prior to trial? |
| 19-1180 |
Robert Radcliffe, et al. v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc., et al. |
Ninth Circuit |
2020-03-30 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
civil-procedure class-action class-actions class-counsel conflicts-of-interest due-process fair-settlement legal-representation material-conflict rule-23 settlement-fairness |
Whether Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 permits class counsel whose interests are in material conflict with those of the class to represent the class so long as th… |
| 19-7898 |
Richard C. Murphy v. United States |
Third Circuit |
2020-03-06 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
abuse-of-discretion appeals appellate-review attorney-client attorney-client-relationship civil-procedure civil-rights counsel-ethics due-process judicial-discretion legal-ethics legal-representation procedural-integrity representation standing |
Did the Third Circuit Court of Appeals abuse their discretion by allowing counsel to continue representation after counsel documented his unwillingnes… |
| 19-7082 |
Mark J. Lipski v. Maine |
Maine |
2019-12-27 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
constitutional-law constitutional-protection conviction-consequences criminal-procedure due-process economic-disadvantage indigent-defense ineffective-assistance judicial-oath legal-ethics legal-representation liberty-interests right-to-counsel state-prosecution |
Was the right to counsel waived? |
| 19-7065 |
Carrie A. Braspenick v. Johnson Law PLC |
Michigan |
2019-12-26 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
attorney-client-relationship civil-procedure contract contract-law court-judgment judgment legal-ethics legal-representation order professional-ethics statute-of-limitations termination |
Can an attorney terminate the attorney-client relationship prior to the Circuit Court issuing a JUDGMENT/Order in the client's case? |
| 19-6844 |
Fabian Santiago v. Arthur F. Hill, Associate Judge, Circuit Court of Illinois, Cook County |
Illinois |
2019-12-05 |
Dismissed |
Response WaivedIFP |
conflict-of-interest constitutional-rights criminal-conspiracy cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process equal-protection fair-trial habeas-corpus impartial-adjudication ineffective-assistance-of-counsel judicial-misconduct legal-representation right-to-counsel |
Whether the refusal of the legal representative of the Petitioner to disclose a conflict of interest and the judge's failure to address this issue con… |
| 19-6547 |
Kevin Sterling v. United States |
Second Circuit |
2019-11-08 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
affirmance appeal appointed-counsel cja-18-usc-3006 criminal-justice-act criminal-procedure due-process fed-r-crim-p-44 federal-rules-criminal-procedure gideon-v-wainwright inability-to-pay legal-representation right-to-counsel writ-of-certiorari |
Whether defendant should have been appointed counsel |
| 19-493 |
James J. Maksimuk v. Connor Sport Court International, LLC |
Federal Circuit |
2019-10-17 |
Denied |
Relisted (2) |
cafc corporate-representation court-procedure district-court due-process equal-protection equal-protection-clause legal-counsel legal-representation overturning-decisions supreme-court-rulings trademark-cancellation trademark-law |
Did the CAFC, District Court, 10th Cir., TTAB orders and judgments and referenced Supreme Court rulings—that required corporations to be represented b… |
| 19-6024 |
Kenneth Allen Rogers v. California |
California |
2019-09-24 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
attorney-client-relationship civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process fiduciary-duty legal-representation pre-trial-motion property-rights retainer-fee sixth-amendment |
Whether the State of California's denial of legal representation at a pre-trial motion deprived the petitioner of a fundamental right |
| 19-5950 |
Roberto Medina-Martinez v. Arizona |
Arizona |
2019-09-16 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
access-to-courts civil-procedure civil-rights due-process ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation motion-to-change-counsel right-to-counsel self-representation standing |
Whether the court erred in denying petitioner's request to represent himself and forcing him to be represented by court-appointed counsel against his … |
| 19-5386 |
David Charles Sussman v. Florida Department of Corrections |
Florida |
2019-07-31 |
Denied |
IFP |
access-to-courts due-process habeas-corpus legal-representation prison-discipline right-to-counsel suspension-clause |
Whether a trial court violates the Suspension Clause of the U.S. Constitution by requiring a prison inmate to secure or pay for an attorney to file a … |
| 19-5390 |
In Re Francisco Narvaez |
|
2019-07-30 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
adequate-representation civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process effective-assistance-of-counsel fifth-amendment ineffective-assistance-counsel legal-representation procedural-error professional-conduct sixth-amendment speedy-trial |
Whether the petitioner's Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel was violated due to his attorneys' failure to file a motion to suppr… |
| 18A1324 |
Tina L. Morin v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel |
Montana |
2019-06-18 |
Presumed Complete |
|
constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection legal-representation petition-for-certiorari supreme-court-order |
Whether the Montana Supreme Court's orders violated an attorney's due process and equal protection rights in a manner that impermissibly impacted her … |
| 18-1504 |
Bruce Giles v. Salvador A. Godinez, et al. |
Seventh Circuit |
2019-06-03 |
Denied |
Response Waived |
civil-cases civil-procedure civil-rights coercive-appointment court-discretion due-process inherent-authority judicial-power legal-representation mallard-v-us-district-court standing statutory-authority |
Do federal courts have the inherent authority to make coercive appointments of counsel in civil cases? |
| 18-9361 |
Jordan Alexander Clemons v. Pennsylvania |
Pennsylvania |
2019-05-21 |
Denied |
IFP |
affidavit appellate-procedure civil-rights court-access criminal-procedure cruel-and-unusual-punishment due-process eighth-amendment eighth-amendment-proportionality in-forma-pauperis indigence indigent-status juvenile-offenders juvenile-sentencing legal-representation life-imprisonment pro-bono |
Whether the Pennsylvania Supreme Court erred in rejecting petitioner's claim that his sentence of life imprisonment without parole for a crime committ… |
| 18-8845 |
Abel Revill Ochoa v. Lorie Davis, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division |
Fifth Circuit |
2019-04-16 |
Denied |
IFP |
ayestas-v-davis capital-case capital-punishment death-penalty due-process federal-funding funding habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation procedural-standard statutory-interpretation |
Whether, in light of Ayestas v. Davis, 138 S. Ct. 1080 (2018), a court applies an overly burdensome standard for funding under 18 U.S.C. § 3599(f) whe… |
| 18-8679 |
John James Bell v. South Carolina |
Fourth Circuit |
2019-04-03 |
Denied |
IFP |
administrative-law civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process equal-protection fair-hearing fourteenth-amendment ineffective-assistance-of-counsel judicial-review legal-procedure legal-representation |
Did the petitioner receive equal protection of the law under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment? |
| 18-8661 |
Eddie Lee Jackson v. Sandy McCain, Warden |
Fifth Circuit |
2019-04-01 |
Denied |
IFP |
14th-amendment 6th-amendment constitutional-rights counsel-medical-condition counsel-misconduct due-process ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation misconduct procedural-error right-to-counsel suspension |
Whether the Petitioner was denied the right to assistance of counsel |
| 18-8541 |
In Re Randy A. Jones |
|
2019-03-25 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
cell-site-simulator civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process fourth-amendment honeycutt-v-united-states legal-representation lis-pendens luis-v-united-states right-to-counsel takings warrantless-search |
Did the government violate this petitioner's rights, creating a flaw so grave that it rendered the proceedings unreliable? |
| 18-8383 |
Jeremy C. Southgate v. United States, et al. |
Fourth Circuit |
2019-03-12 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
antitrust antitrust-conspiracy business-damage civil-procedure civil-rights conspiracy court-procedure inherent-authority legal-representation racketeering standing trademark trademark-property |
Is there arguable merit to the claim that Respondents engaged in an unlawful antitrust-conspiracy, racketeering-conspiracy, trademark-property, busine… |
| 18-8015 |
In Re Michael Ojegba Agbonifo |
|
2019-02-19 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
appeal constitutional-rights criminal-detention criminal-procedure criminal-proceedings detention due-process indefinite-detention judicial-misconduct legal-representation not-guilty right-to-counsel right-to-trial trial |
Is it Constitutional for a District Court Judge to Hold an accused in an alleged criminal proceedings indefinitely in detention without TRIAL when the… |
| 18-7877 |
Lester Roger Decker v. United States |
Ninth Circuit |
2019-02-11 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
attorney-performance constitutional-law constitutional-rights criminal-procedure due-process fair-trial ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation right-to-counsel sixth-amendment |
Was defendant's attorney's role to fulfill his advisory position to his client ineffective, thus violating client's right to Due Process? |
| 18-7706 |
Syed Nazim Ali v. Interactive Brokers LLC |
Ninth Circuit |
2019-01-31 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
civil-procedure civil-procedure-standing civil-rights corporate-law corporate-laws corporate-representation due-process fair-justice judicial-procedure legal-representation legal-standing pro-se-litigation shareholder shareholder-exception shareholder-rights standing |
Whether the district court erred by dismissing the case on the grounds that the Petitioner who is the sole owner and shareholder of the corporation di… |
| 18-7563 |
Lynce P. Foster v. United States |
Sixth Circuit |
2019-01-24 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
6th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-law constitutional-violation criminal-procedure due-process habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance legal-representation right-to-counsel sixth-amendment united-states-constitution |
Whether counsel were ineffective for not representing petitioner according to a counsel guaranteed to the petitioner by the Sixth Amendment of the Uni… |
| 18-6990 |
Elena Sturdza v. United Arab Emirates |
District of Columbia |
2018-12-11 |
Denied |
IFP |
civil-procedure civil-rights court-discretion court-procedure due-process guardian-ad-litem incompetence incompetent-person judicial-discretion legal-representation motion-for-reconsideration pro-se-representation standing |
Whether the district court erred in its rulings on the motions for reconsideration, leave to file a supplemental complaint, and appointment of a guard… |
| 18-6965 |
Lei Yin v. Biogen, Inc., fka Biogen-IDEC |
First Circuit |
2018-12-07 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
civil-rights constitutional-protections discovery discovery-rules due-process federal-court-procedure federal-courts federal-rules-of-civil-procedure federal-rules-of-evidence judicial-fairness legal-representation pro-se pro-se-rights standing |
Whether a Pro Se shall share the same right as those represented by lawyers that are protected by United States Constitution? |
| 18-6967 |
Michael Danilovich, aka Sealed Defendant 2, aka Mike Daniels, aka Fat Mike, aka Mike D v. United States |
Second Circuit |
2018-12-07 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
appointment-of-counsel civil-rights criminal-procedure due-process indigent-defendant legal-representation qualified-reappointment reappointment-of-counsel right-to-counsel sixth-amendment |
Whether an indigent defendant has a qualified right to reappointment of counsel |
| 18-6779 |
Guy Heffington v. Pamela Puleo, et al. |
Tenth Circuit |
2018-11-23 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
14th-amendment 6th-amendment 7th-amendment amendment-rights conspiracy constitutional-rights diversity-jurisdiction due-process judicial-conspiracy legal-representation property-rights |
Whether Guy Heffington was denied due process, right to attorney, right to jury trial, and equal protection |
| 18-6781 |
Joan E. Farr v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue |
Tenth Circuit |
2018-11-23 |
Denied |
Response WaivedRelisted (2)IFP |
14th-amendment 6th-amendment 7th-amendment 8th-amendment civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process judicial-conspiracy legal-representation sixth-amendment |
Whether Joan Farr was denied constitutional rights |
| 18-6506 |
Guy Boudreaux, Jr. v. Timothy Hooper, Warden |
Fifth Circuit |
2018-10-30 |
Denied |
Response WaivedIFP |
access-to-courts access-to-justice civil-rights constitutional-rights due-process habeas-corpus ineffective-assistance-counsel judicial-procedure legal-education legal-mail legal-representation pro-se pro-se-litigants pro-se-litigation procedural-error right-of-access-to-courts |
Is our system of justice truly just when it requires an attorney to attend six years of college prior to being permitted to practice law, but requires… |
| 18-6383 |
Robert J. Kulick v. Steven Rein |
Ninth Circuit |
2018-10-18 |
Denied |
Relisted (2)IFP |
ada-accommodation attorney-client attorney-client-rights civil-rights conflict-of-interest due-process legal-ethics legal-malpractice legal-representation pro-per-status pro-se standing state-bar-bias |
Why the CA State Bar denied an investigation against Steven Rein, Esq. for his blackmail against me, & why attorneys allowed to be relieved as an atto… |
| 18-5784 |
Boniface W. Wabuyabo v. Correct Care Solutions |
Tenth Circuit |
2018-08-28 |
Denied |
IFP |
civil-procedure civil-rights claim due-process legal-representation medical-attention pro-se standing |
Whether the lower court erred in dismissing the case due to an improper interpretation of the legal requirements for filing a claim, despite the petit… |
| 18-5662 |
Myrna Diaz v. New Jersey |
New Jersey |
2018-08-20 |
Denied |
IFP |
constitutional-rights counsel-misconduct criminal-procedure due-process guilty-plea ineffective-assistance ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation right-to-counsel sentencing sixth-amendment unauthorized-practice-of-law |
Did the staff of the 'Project Freedom Fund' who provided faulty legal advice to petitioner, and thus induced her to withdraw a guilty plea for which s… |
| 18-185 |
Connecticut v. Michael Skakel |
Connecticut |
2018-08-10 |
Denied |
Amici (1)Response RequestedResponse WaivedRelisted (2) |
circuit-split constitutional-deficiency due-process ineffective-assistance-counsel ineffective-assistance-of-counsel legal-representation overall-performance performance-evaluation single-error sixth-amendment strickland-standard strickland-v-washington |
Whether a court must evaluate counsel's overall performance in determining whether a single error is sufficiently egregious to render counsel's repres… |